June 2025 in “Biomolecules” In this study, researchers found that activating RORA in hair follicle stem cells reduced the expression of cytoskeleton-related genes, affecting cell migration and adhesion, which may aid in understanding hair follicle development and potentially inform alopecia treatments.
23 citations
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June 1992 in “PubMed” This study found that RAR-gamma 1 mRNA is present in multiple skin layers and structures, suggesting a role in maintaining and differentiating normal epidermis and skin appendages.
3 citations
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February 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ch55 may help reduce skin scarring and fibrosis.
This study found that RXR and RAR proteins were detectable in normal human skin, suggesting they may play a role in epidermal cell differentiation and hair and gland physiology.
232 citations
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January 2002 in “Mechanisms of development” This study reports that the differential expression patterns of three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases suggest a regulated need for retinoic acid synthesis in various organs during late mouse organogenesis.
92 citations
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June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that the retinoid all-trans retinoic acid induced a catagen-like stage in human scalp hair follicles, suggesting upregulation of TGF-beta2 as a contributing mechanism.
84 citations
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September 2008 in “Developmental biology” This study found that cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins and fatty acid-binding proteins are dynamically expressed in skin development and respond differently to retinoic acid, β-catenin, and Notch signaling.
59 citations
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January 2015 in “Nanoscale” In this study, polymeric micelles containing retinoic acid were found to improve targeted delivery to hair follicle structures in human skin more efficiently than a marketed retinoic acid gel, suggesting potentially safer and more effective acne treatment.
51 citations
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March 2014 in “Nature Communications” This study suggests that activating retinoic acid signalling can inhibit Wnt signalling and induce regression in certain skin tumors, providing potential therapeutic strategies for tumor regression.
47 citations
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June 2019 in “Nature Communications” This study found that self-noncoding dsRNA activates TLR3 to stimulate intrinsic retinoic acid synthesis, promoting new hair follicle formation in wounded mice and showing similar gene expression changes in humans treated with rejuvenation lasers.
41 citations
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October 2019 in “Biomolecules” This review highlights the role of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, suggesting its potential to enhance treatments in regenerative medicine and cancer.
39 citations
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January 1977 in “Dermatology” This study found that the retinoic acid derivative Ro 10-9359 cleared psoriasis lesions in over half of the patients, but most experienced side effects, including skin issues and altered liver enzyme levels.
31 citations
,
March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” AKR1B10 enzyme may cause keloid scars and could be a treatment target.
31 citations
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September 2012 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study found that proper levels of retinoic acid, controlled by the enzyme Cyp26b1, are essential for normal hair follicle development and morphogenesis in mice.
9 citations
,
May 2002 in “PubMed” This study demonstrated that mice lacking skin-specific RXRalpha expression developed hair follicle degeneration and alopecia, indicating the importance of RXRalpha/VDR heterodimers in maintaining hair follicle homeostasis.
5 citations
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August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study observed sexually dimorphic effects of reduced Rdh10 on energy metabolism and muscle function in mice, with males experiencing decreased endurance and females showing increased endurance on a high-fat diet.
5 citations
,
March 2019 in “Experimental dermatology” In this study involving adult mice, the researchers identified that double-stranded RNA-mediated activation of toll-like receptor 3 stimulates wound-induced hair neogenesis, potentially reflecting mechanisms used in facial rejuvenation treatments.
4 citations
,
May 2018 in “Electronic Journal of Biotechnology” This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) negatively affects hair growth by reducing goat dermal papilla cell viability and growth factor expression.
4 citations
,
May 2018 in “Türk pediatri arşivi : İstanbul çocuk kliniği dergisi” This study reported dramatic improvements in five collodion baby patients with lamellar ichthyosis treated with oral retinoic acid, noting hair loss as the sole adverse effect, emphasizing the treatment's promising efficacy for physicians.
4 citations
,
June 2002 in “Veterinary Dermatology” In this study, prenatal exposure to all-trans-retinoic acid in pregnant mice resulted in increased BrdU-positive nuclei in hair bulbs without altering hair follicle morphogenesis, suggesting potential for non-teratogenic studies on skin diseases.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Open Forum Infectious Diseases” This study found that fluconazole induced early hair follicle resting phase (telogen effluvium) in rats, without changing retinoic acid levels in rats or human patients, suggesting further investigation into fluconazole's hair loss mechanism is needed.
1 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of developmental biology” This study found that retinoic acid induces epidermal transdifferentiation into mucosal epithelium in both chick and mammalian embryonic skin, involving specific gene expressions and pathways.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study identifies a mechanism where dsRNA activates TLR3 to induce RA production, promoting hair follicle regeneration in mice and suggesting a potential role in human tissue regeneration.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identified a novel mechanism by which dsRNA-induced TLR3 activation and retinoic acid pathways contribute to new hair follicle formation after deep wounds in mice and suggested a similar potential in humans.
This article reviews different generations of synthetic retinoids for dermatological use, discussing their efficacy and significant side effects, but reports no new clinical results.
June 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Retinoic acids temporarily change skin stem cells to a slower cycle and more differentiated state.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells from cashmere goats, likely via the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that melatonin may enhance hair follicle stem cell viability by downregulating the nuclear receptor RORA, which otherwise inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis.
December 2024 in “Animals” In this study, researchers found that RORA directly regulates the expression of the Bnip3 gene, which is crucial for hair follicle stem cell health, using rat HFSCs as a model. They propose that targeting RORA could modulate HFSC status.
April 2024 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study investigates the role of retinoic acid in regulating hair follicle stem cell homeostasis to identify new potential targets for treating androgenetic alopecia.