All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates Proliferation And Apoptosis Of Secondary Hair Follicle–Dermal Papilla Cells In Cashmere Goats Via The TGF-β2/Smad2/3 Pathway

This study reported that an ATRA-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel (ATRA-NLC-Gel) improved symptoms of alopecia areata in mice by enhancing transdermal drug delivery, reducing skin irritation, and promoting hair regrowth through targeted follicle enrichment and pathway activation.

This review discusses the role of dermal papilla cells in hair follicle formation and their potential use in cell therapy for hair loss, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that melatonin promotes the growth of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats by enhancing the activity and proliferation of dermal papilla cells through involving the Wnt10b gene, though the detailed mechanisms remain undetermined.

In this study, researchers found that FGF9 plays a significant role in sheep wool growth by accelerating the proliferation and cell cycle of dermal papilla cells, potentially through regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

This study suggests that the period from birth to 6 months is optimal for regulating secondary hair follicle development in cashmere goats, with specific growth factors potentially playing a regulatory role.

This study found that certain genes were significantly associated with hair length in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, potentially serving as molecular markers for different hair types.

This study found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits mink hair follicle growth by reducing dermal papilla cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, likely through the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway.

This study explored hair follicle gene expression in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats and identified potential regulators of the transition between growth phases, including IL17RB and ZNF genes.

This study found that vimentin expression in the hair follicles of Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats is highest during the growth stage and localized to the outer root sheath, suggesting a role in hair cycle regulation.

In this study, researchers found that ginsenoside Re from Panax ginseng increased hair shaft length and duration in mice, comparable to minoxidil, by modulating TGF-β signaling pathways.

This study demonstrated that FGF5s acts as an inhibitor of FGF5 in regulating hair growth cycles in cashmere goat dermal papilla cells.

This narrative review examines the interactions between skin stem cells and their niches, finding new insights from advancements in genetic and imaging tools but reporting no new experimental results.

This article discusses the role of human hair follicles in neuroendocrinology and suggests potential new therapeutic targets by examining how neuromediators influence hair growth, pigmentation, and stem cell biology in organ cultures.

This study found that ginsenoside F2 may suppress hair cell apoptosis and improve hair growth outcomes in a DHT-induced hair loss model more effectively than finasteride.

This study identified gene expression differences between dermal papilla cells from primary and secondary hair follicles in Cashmere goats, highlighting their roles in hair follicle morphogenesis.

This review examines the role of retinoic acid synthesis in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, focusing on its localization and function during normal and disease states, but reports no new results.

This review explores how adult skin epithelia preserve stem cell populations for hair follicle regeneration and wound healing, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that combining minoxidil with all-trans retinoic acid additively promoted hair growth in vitro by activating certain cell survival pathways and reducing apoptosis markers more effectively than minoxidil alone.

This study found that combining minoxidil and retinol additively promoted hair growth in vitro, enhancing Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and preventing apoptosis in dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes.

This study developed molecular signatures for dermal papilla cells and their niche, uncovering novel signaling regulators and genes linked to hair disorders, which may inform future hair development research.

This study found that the retinoid all-trans retinoic acid induced a catagen-like stage in human scalp hair follicles, suggesting upregulation of TGF-beta2 as a contributing mechanism.

This study found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibited hair shaft elongation and induced premature catagen development in cultured human hair follicles, partially through transforming growth factor β2.

This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of hair follicle formation and discusses potential future clinical applications for treating hair loss and skin tumors, but it reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the biologic and psychosocial significance of hair, the current limitations in hair growth drugs, and anticipates future therapies based on advancing hair follicle research.

Apoptosis in hair follicles varies by growth phase, with TGF-β possibly starting the catagen phase.