Towards Cell-Based Therapy of Alopecia Areata: Autologous Human Vδ2+ Foxp3+ γδTreg Cells Restore Hair-Follicle Immune Privilege and Promote Hair Regrowth in Human Alopecia Areata Models Ex Vivo and In Vivo

This review explores the complex factors involved in alopecia areata, such as immune and genetic influences, and discusses advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while reporting no new clinical results.

This review compiled and evaluated numerous studies on alopecia treatments, highlighting promising pharmacological strategies like JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata and advancements in regenerative medicine for androgenetic alopecia, while also stressing the importance of personalized, mechanism-targeted approaches for improved outcomes across different alopecia subtypes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis reports a significant familial risk of autoimmune and related conditions among relatives of individuals with Alopecia Areata, highlighting the importance of comprehensive family monitoring and genetic counseling.

This study found that alopecia areata patients in Central Europe with comorbid chronic inflammatory disorders, especially atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, had an increased likelihood of experiencing early-onset, severe, or prolonged disease compared to those without such comorbidities.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata exhibited increased CRHR1 expression on circulating monocytes compared to controls, suggesting that stress-related factors like CRH and CRHR1 may contribute to the development and progression of the condition, particularly in chronic cases and those with larger lesions.

In this study, withdrawal of baricitinib therapy in patients with severe alopecia areata who had achieved hair regrowth led to a loss of benefit in almost all patients, suggesting that continued treatment is necessary to maintain hair regrowth.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

This study examines the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions alopecia areata and vitiligo, highlighting shared features like immune cell involvement and cytokine pathways, while noting differing immune responses in skin and hair.

This study found that rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle growth and regrowth in experimental settings and may have therapeutic potential for alopecia areata by restoring immune privilege guardianship.

This study developed a technique to limit genetic recombination to regulatory T cells to investigate whether self-tolerance is maintained in non-lymphoid tissues, an area previously not well understood.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

This study found that, in Germany between 2016 and 2020, alopecia areata had an annual prevalence of 210 cases per 100,000 and an incidence of 72 cases per 100,000, with higher rates in specific regions and associated with comorbidities like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

In this study using a mouse model and human data, researchers found that CD8+ T cells are central to driving alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells offer some protection, highlighting CD8+ T cells as key targets for future therapy development.

This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.

This study found that adding allergen immunotherapy to conventional treatment may reduce relapse-related hair loss in house dust mite-allergic alopecia areata patients over a 3-year period.

This review discusses the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and highlights its role and inhibitors in various diseases, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that human dermal γδT-cells can act as stress sentinels and potentially trigger autoimmune responses toward stressed hair follicles, resembling features of alopecia areata.

This pilot study suggests that skin-resident γδT-cells may play a significant role in the early stages of alopecia areata pathogenesis, indicating a potential new target for therapeutic management.

This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses immune privilege in anagen hair follicles and its collapse in alopecia areata, emphasizing the importance of restoring this function for effective management and disease relapse prevention.

This review discusses emerging research areas in alopecia areata pathobiology, highlighting the potential roles of unconventional immune cells and the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies, but reports no new experimental results.

This review examines the role of regulatory T cells in skin immune disorders, highlighting their unique functions in conditions like scleroderma, alopecia areata, and psoriasis, without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the emerging use of JAK inhibitors in alopecia areata treatment and reports no new clinical results; it highlights hair regrowth despite symptom recurrence after stopping therapy.

In this study, iNKT10 cells were found to play a significant role in preventing and treating alopecia areata in a humanized mouse model, suggesting these cells could have potential in managing related autoimmune disorders.

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

In this study, the researchers observed that subjects with alopecia areata had the highest plasma level of cardiac troponin I, followed by those with androgenetic alopecia, and the lowest levels in individuals without hair loss.

This review discusses the role of immune privilege collapse in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing the potential for therapeutic manipulation of hair bulb immune privilege to offer new treatment options, and reports no new results.

This article reviews the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in maintaining immune privilege in hair follicles and does not report new findings; the authors propose it as essential for immune homeostasis in alopecia areata.

This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

This review provides a comprehensive guide to serum-free human hair follicle organ culture methods, highlighting research opportunities, standardization efforts, and potential applications without reporting new empirical findings.

Kv1.3 blockers may help treat alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.

This study developed an animal model that recreates alopecia areata by injecting healthy human skin grafts in immunocompromised mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched for NKG2D+ and CD56+ cells.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.

This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.

This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.