Allergen Desensitization Reduces the Severity of Relapsed Alopecia Areata in Dust-Mite Allergic Patients

    April 2023 in “ Experimental Dermatology ”
    Zixun Zeng, Shuifeng Li, Yanting Ye, Yunxia Ling, Yugang Gong, Zi Xue, Jian Yang, Kevin J. McElwee, Xingqi Zhang
    TLDR Allergen desensitization reduces hair loss severity in dust-mite allergic alopecia areata patients.
    The study investigated the impact of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on alopecia areata (AA) severity in 69 patients allergic to house dust mites (HDM). Over 3 years, 34 patients received both conventional AA treatment and AIT, while 35 received only conventional treatment. Results showed that the group receiving AIT had lower SALT scores, indicating less severe hair loss, particularly in non-alopecia totalis/universalis patients and pre-adolescents. A decrease in total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) levels was linked to reduced AA severity. Changes in cytokine levels, such as increased IL-5 and decreased IL-33, were noted post-desensitization. The study suggests that AIT can reduce relapse-related hair loss severity in HDM-allergic AA patients by counteracting Th2 dominance.
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