Bioengineered Skin Organoids: From Development to Applications

The document discusses the advancements in the development and applications of bioengineered skin organoids, which are 3D models that mimic human skin. These organoids, derived from various types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have evolved into complex structures that can overcome the limitations of traditional culture models. They are used in physiological and pathological models, enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes. The document also highlights the use of these organoids in developmental biology, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine. A significant breakthrough was the creation of a nearly complete in vitro self-organized skin system differentiated from iPSCs, which included hair follicles. However, challenges such as the lack of key cell types, inability to fully replicate the complex structure of native skin, long duration required for differentiation and maturation, and limited size and lifespan still exist. Despite these, skin organoids hold potential for advancements in healthcare, particularly in disease modelling and regenerative medicine.