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This review examines ultrasound-assisted and laser-based transdermal drug delivery technologies, highlighting their success in enhancing drug penetration through the skin but also noting challenges such as parameter optimization, potential skin irritation, and high equipment costs.

This study evaluated a menthol-based microemulsion for transdermal delivery of finasteride and silodosin, finding that it enhanced skin permeation and flux compared to aqueous solutions, suggesting a promising method for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that a novel choline-based valproic acid ionic liquid significantly enhances transdermal penetration and promotes hair regrowth without causing irritation or toxicity, offering a promising treatment option for alopecia.

This study reported that a new polymeric formulation for topical minoxidil delivery in an animal model improved hair growth and hair follicle formation more effectively than minoxidil in PBS, suggesting potential as a future hair loss treatment.

Transethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin and show promise for treating various conditions.

This review explores the potential, challenges, and recent advancements of dissolving microneedles in drug delivery, summarizing their varied applications and current limitations without providing new clinical results.

This study developed a nitric oxide delivery system using PVA films and HA liposomes, which enhanced hair follicle vitality and repaired blood vessels in androgenic alopecia by promoting angiogenesis and reducing inflammation through the HIF-1 signaling pathway.

This clinical trial found that transdermal delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using fractional CO2 laser resulted in a significantly better treatment response in alopecia areata patients compared to intralesional injections of the same drug, with a greater reduction in the Severity of Alopecia Tool Score.

This study found that cedrol nanoemulsions significantly promote hair follicle regeneration and reduce DHT levels in an androgenic alopecia mouse model, suggesting potential efficacy in AGA treatment.

Generic topical and transdermal systems usually cause minimal irritation or sensitization.

This study found that three-layer dissolving microneedles for delivering Minoxidil showed improved skin drug penetration and reduced irritation risk compared to traditional Minoxidil cream, suggesting a promising alternative for alopecia areata treatment.

This review discusses the design strategies and applications of long-acting polymeric microneedles, noting their potential to improve patient compliance and reduce side effects in chronic disease management, but reports no new experimental results.

In an animal study, researchers observed that a Chromolaena odorata layered-nitrile rubber transdermal patch significantly improved wound contraction, protein, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels, and collagen deposition in healing excision wounds in rats compared to a control group with an empty patch.

In this study, researchers applied Strat-M® membrane to assess the in vitro transdermal properties of collagen peptides, finding a high correlation with results from mouse skin and suggesting that Strat-M® can effectively replace excised mouse skin in transdermal experiments.

This study reports the development of an artificial skin membrane incorporating hair follicles, intended as an in vitro model to better estimate drug permeation with less variability than current models used in transdermal drug delivery research.

This study developed a reliable UHPLC-MS/MS method to measure flavonoids from Pinus massoniana needles in rat plasma for pharmacokinetics, aiding further research on their potential use in external preparations to prevent hair loss.

This review highlights the potential of plant-derived natural compounds as biocompatible and biodegradable materials in dermal and transdermal delivery systems, emphasizing their unexplored benefits and detailing recent advances in isolation techniques and drug delivery technologies.

This study found that the gel form of substance Y led to more hair follicles in the growth phase than 2% minoxidil solution when applied for alopecia treatment in mice.

In this study, researchers tested various nanocarrier characteristics and found they could enhance drug delivery to specific skin areas and immune cells, potentially improving treatments for skin conditions by targeting drugs effectively.

This study reported that invasomes, utilizing limonene as a component, enhanced the transdermal permeation of finasteride by over 21 times, indicating their potential as a novel drug delivery system.

This study found that topical valproic acid and 5% minoxidil both significantly increased hair count in patients with female pattern hair loss, suggesting topical valproic acid as a potential treatment option.

In this study, researchers developed and optimized ethanol-free microemulsion systems for transdermal finasteride delivery, finding that the predicted formulations closely matched their physical and chemical characteristics, potentially reducing adverse effects compared to oral administration.

This study found that finasteride could enhance the stemness of dermal papilla cells, suggesting potential benefits for hair regeneration approaches.

This study explored microemulsion formulations for delivering finasteride through the skin, finding that higher water concentrations increased permeation, which may inform optimal transdermal delivery for treating androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that the retinoid all-trans retinoic acid induced a catagen-like stage in human scalp hair follicles, suggesting upregulation of TGF-beta2 as a contributing mechanism.

This study demonstrated that intact adult human dermal papillae can induce hair growth when implanted into mouse hair follicles, highlighting their potential for advancing hair follicle biology and therapeutic approaches.

This study found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits mink hair follicle growth by reducing dermal papilla cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, likely through the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway.

This study found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) negatively affects hair growth by reducing goat dermal papilla cell viability and growth factor expression.

This study introduces a novel pro-drug formulation of all-trans retinoic acid that reduces skin inflammation and achieves sustained drug release over several days compared to traditional methods.