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The study found that stratum corneum thickness and total epidermal lipid content influence the permeation rates of certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in various animal skin models, and suggests porcine skin as an effective human replacement in diffusion experiments.

In this study, ethosomes were more effective than liposomes for delivering finasteride through human skin, showing higher transdermal flux and accumulation, especially in deeper skin layers.

In this case report, combining iontophoresis with exosomes was associated with increased hair density, improved hair quality, and reduced scalp inflammation in patients with female androgenetic alopecia.

In this study, researchers employed a modified coaxial electrospinning technique to create core-sheath nanofibers, which improved the transdermal delivery of finasteride compared to traditional monolithic nanofibers, showing enhanced penetration rates throughout the testing period.

In this study, the authors developed a novel PROTAC named dAR-6–1, which demonstrated superior hair regeneration in an AGA mouse model compared to minoxidil, highlighting its promise as a therapy due to potent AR degradation and excellent skin permeability.

This study found that finite element analysis-guided design improved bubble microneedles' controlled tip separation and insertion strength, supporting effective transdermal and sublingual drug delivery.

This study developed a co-design framework using finite element analysis to optimize bubble microneedles, achieving controlled tip separation and effective drug delivery through the skin and mucosa while maintaining insertion strength.

This study introduces a co-design framework using finite element analysis to optimize separable bubble microneedles, demonstrating enhanced transdermal and sublingual drug delivery in preclinical models. In vivo results showed faster hair regrowth and glucose lowering in animals, indicating potential improvements over traditional methods.

In this study, the researchers successfully developed a Spanlastic gel containing EGCG for transdermal application, significantly increasing EGCG skin permeability with optimal entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and vesicle size.

This review highlights recent advances in personalized transdermal drug delivery systems, noting their potential for improved treatment efficacy and safety, but identifies significant challenges in clinical translation.

This review discusses therapeutic deep eutectic solvents as promising "green" solutions for enhancing drug solubility and delivery through the skin, reporting no new clinical results and highlighting future research directions.

Using molecular dynamics simulations, this study explored the uptake processes of JAK inhibitors on stratum corneum and hair follicle membranes, revealing a unique interaction mechanism in the hair follicle and offering insights into transdermal drug delivery pathways.

This study investigated the integration of crystal engineering and microneedle technology for androgenetic alopecia treatment, finding that microneedles loaded with newly developed Kopexil multicomponent crystals reduced drug diffusion rates in vitro compared to standard formulations.

This paper discusses ethosomal drug delivery systems, highlighting their improved ability to enhance skin penetration and increase therapeutic effectiveness in treatments like acyclovir for herpes labialis and minoxidil for androgenic alopecia compared to standard formulations.

This study reports that ethosomal formulations, such as ethosomal acyclovir and minoxidil, improved therapeutic effectiveness by enhancing skin permeation, leading to faster healing of herpes labialis lesions and increased skin absorption compared to standard formulations.

This review discusses the integration of nanoparticles with microneedles to improve drug delivery through enhanced stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, noting ongoing challenges with stability, scalability, and safety.

This study found that fermentation products from Bacillus sp. TC5 can effectively promote hair regrowth and improve transdermal drug absorption, suggesting their potential as eco-friendly agents in developing cosmeceuticals for hair restoration and skin repair.

In this study, researchers developed a delivery system using a deep eutectic solvent to improve hydroxytyrosol absorption for hair regrowth, achieving over threefold greater skin penetration compared to aqueous solutions and demonstrating its effectiveness and biocompatibility in hair regrowth and ROS-scavenging tests.

In this review, recent advances in long-acting microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery systems are outlined, highlighting biodegradable polymers like PLA, PLGA, and PCL for sustained release and discussing challenges in clinical translation such as consistency in manufacturing and validating long-term efficacy and safety.

This study found that in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, topical application of finasteride-loaded Platycladi cacumen-derived nanovesicles improved hair regrowth more effectively than minoxidil.

This study found that transdermal delivery of finasteride using biomimetic Platycladi cacumen-derived nanovesicles enhanced hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, outperforming minoxidil by improving skin permeation, reducing oxidative stress, and boosting local drug retention.

Hyaluronic acid microneedles help deliver minoxidil derivatives effectively for hair regrowth.

This study highlights the clinical potential of microneedles as an innovative transdermal drug delivery system for treating various skin diseases with minimal pain and high patient compliance.

This study developed dutasteride-loaded microneedle systems using a specific polymer to enhance transdermal delivery, demonstrating efficient drug release and increased accumulation in hair follicles, thus supporting their potential for treating androgenic alopecia.

This review highlights recent advances in liposome-based transdermal drug delivery systems, emphasizing their potential to improve drug penetration for both skin and systemic diseases while discussing the challenges and future directions in this field.

This study developed a new suspended ointment formulation containing neomycin sulfate and triamcinolone acetonide, which showed promise for treating neurodermatitis and chronic eczema by ensuring stable composition, effective skin penetration, and no skin irritation.

This review discusses the application of transdermal drug delivery systems for androgenetic alopecia and explores new technologies to enhance drug penetration but reports no clinical results.

This research outlines the potential of nanoemulgels as a superior alternative to conventional topical treatments, noting their ability to improve skin permeability, drug release, and therapeutic targeting, though challenges remain in formulation stability and consistency.

This study found that the new delivery system HL@Mi enhanced the skin penetration, local bioavailability, and safety of minoxidil, supporting improved hair growth in an androgenetic alopecia animal model.