Microneedle-Based Technologies for Long-Acting Transdermal Drug Delivery in Wearable Devices

This review examines recent advancements in microneedle (MN)-based transdermal drug delivery systems, particularly for long-acting applications in wearable devices. It categorizes MNs by their delivery mechanisms and highlights the use of biodegradable polymers like PLA, PLGA, and PCL, which allow for sustained drug release due to adjustable degradation rates. The integration of advanced drug carriers such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles is discussed for enhancing drug-loading capacity and release duration. Despite their potential, challenges remain in ensuring manufacturing consistency, sterility, and validating long-term efficacy and safety in clinical settings. The document underscores the promise of MN technologies in improving treatment efficiency and maintaining stable blood drug concentrations, with applications ranging from wound healing to chronic disease management.