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Glossary PPAR Agonists

activate nuclear receptors to regulate metabolism and inflammation

PPAR Agonists, or Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists, are compounds that activate PPARs, which are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. These receptors play a crucial role in metabolism, inflammation, and cell differentiation, making PPAR agonists valuable in treating conditions like diabetes, obesity, and certain types of hair loss, such as alopecia.

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research Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR agonists: the ‘future’ in dermatology therapeutics?

60 citations , May 2015 in “Archives of dermatological research”

This review discusses the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their agonists in dermatology but reports no new clinical results.

research PPAR-γ Agonists and Their Role in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia

38 citations , January 2017 in “PPAR Research”

This review discusses the role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia, including its involvement in lichen planopilaris and treatment trials using PPAR-agonists, and reports no new clinical results.

research Mechanism of PPARα agonist in alopecia areata

1 citations , January 2025 in “American Journal of Translational Research”

This study found that PPARα agonists provided protective effects in mouse models of alopecia areata by promoting early reversal of the condition and inhibiting T effector cell function, indicating potential therapeutic value for this inflammatory condition.

Non-Clinical Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Aleglitazar, a Dual PPAR α/γ Agonist, and Its Major Human Metabolite

research Non-clinical safety evaluation and risk assessment to human of aleglitazar, a dual PPAR α/γ agonist, and its major human metabolite

3 citations , March 2017 in “Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology”

In this study, aleglitazar and its metabolite M6 were evaluated for safety in non-clinical settings, revealing organ-targeting effects common to PPAR agonists but no significant tumor increase in rat carcinogenicity studies, supporting progression to Phase 3 clinical trials.

research Functions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) in skin homeostasis

46 citations , November 2004 in “Lipids”

This study suggests PPAR isotypes play distinct roles in skin, influencing epidermal barrier formation, sebocyte differentiation, and lipid production, with potential implications for treating skin disorders.

Lichen Planopilaris Treated With a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist

research Lichen Planopilaris Treated With a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Agonist

105 citations , December 2009 in “Archives of dermatology”

This overview discusses primary cicatricial alopecias, focusing on lichen planopilaris, and highlights the challenges in treatment and the progressive nature of hair loss despite symptom management, without providing new clinical results.

PPAR-γ Signaling as a Key Mediator of Human Hair Follicle Physiology and Pathology

research PPAR‐γ signalling as a key mediator of human hair follicle physiology and pathology

24 citations , November 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review synthesizes current research on PPAR-γ signaling in hair follicle biology and its potential role in treating hair growth disorders like scarring alopecia and hirsutism, but reports no new clinical results.

research Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-mediated diabetic wound healing regulates endothelial cells’ mitochondrial function via sonic hedgehog signaling

5 citations , January 2025 in “Burns & Trauma”

This study suggests that activating the PPARs/SHH-mitochondrial axis may enhance diabetic wound healing by improving endothelial cell metabolism and angiogenesis, indicating potential for PPAR agonists in treating diabetic foot ulcers.

research 0866 Role of transcriptional elongation in dermal fat development

July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Nelfb is essential for dermal fat development and survival.

research Syndecan-1 Is Required to Maintain Intradermal Fat and Prevent Cold Stress

88 citations , August 2014 in “PLOS genetics”

This study found that mice lacking syndecan-1 experienced cold stress and metabolic issues due to reduced intradermal fat, which was restored by thermoneutral housing or rosiglitazone treatment.

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Gamma Serum Levels and Gene Polymorphism in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case-Control Study

research Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Gamma Serum levels and Gene Polymorphism in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case Control Study

July 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that Egyptian women with frontal fibrosing alopecia had lower serum PPARγ levels and a higher occurrence of PPARG gene polymorphism compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role for PPARγ in the condition's development.

research The Pathogenesis of Primary Cicatricial Alopecias

150 citations , October 2010 in “The American Journal of Pathology”

This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.

research Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia as Model Epithelial Stem Cell Diseases

80 citations , April 2018 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine”

This review discusses the roles of interferon-γ and PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in scarring alopecia, suggesting these pathways as potential therapeutic targets, but it reports no new empirical results.

research Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transition in a Human Organ: Lessons from Lichen Planopilaris

71 citations , October 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

PPAR-γ agonists like pioglitazone may help manage lichen planopilaris but don't fully reverse scarring.

research The use of oral pioglitazone in the treatment of lichen planopilaris

58 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Pioglitazone may help treat lichen planopilaris, but more research is needed.

research Primary cicatricial alopecia: Recent advances in understanding and management

44 citations , November 2011 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This review discusses recent advancements in the management and diagnosis of primary cicatricial alopecias but reports no new clinical results; emerging insights suggest sebaceous gland dysfunction may play a role in their etiopathogenesis.

research What′s new in cicatricial alopecia?

16 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

This review explores new theories, diagnostic tools, and management strategies for primary cicatricial alopecia but reports no new clinical findings.

research Lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia: review and update of diagnostic and therapeutic features

13 citations , April 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”

This comprehensive literature review highlighted that lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia, both primary scarring alopecias, are diagnosed via scalp biopsy, with no standardized treatments available, necessitating individualized therapeutic approaches based on patient characteristics.

research A Review of Metabolic Dysregulation in Lymphocytic Cicatricial Alopecia: Exploring the Connections and Therapeutic Implications

1 citations , March 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Metabolic issues may trigger lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia, and treatments targeting these issues could help.

research Pathogenic Mechanisms and Mechanism‐Directed Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia: Current Understanding and Future Directions

January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

In this review, researchers explored key mechanisms underlying androgenetic alopecia, revealing how hormonal, oxidative, inflammatory, and lipid dysregulation suppress hair growth pathways and suggesting new therapeutic targets such as DP2 antagonists and microbiome modulators.

Canonical and Dominant Negative Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Isoforms Are Differentially Expressed in Human Skin and Skin Appendages

research 223 Canonical and Dominant Negative Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Isoforms are Differentially Expressed in Human Skin and Skin Appendages

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that cPPARγ and dnPPARγ isoforms are differentially expressed in healthy human skin, suggesting that PPARγ modulators may have compartment-specific effects depending on isoform presence.

research Graham-Little Piccardi Lassueur Syndrome and review of the literature

July 2021 in “Authorea (Authorea)”

This article discusses Graham-Little Piccardi Lassueur Syndrome, a rare variant of Lichen planopilaris, but reports no clinical findings or results.

Folliculocentric Papules and Alopecia in a 70-Year-Old Woman Diagnosed with Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome

research Folliculocentric papules and alopecia

May 2014 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

A 70-year-old woman with a rare skin condition improved after treatment with topical steroids and acitretin.

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-Gamma Tissue Expression and Gene Polymorphism in Alopecia Areata in an Egyptian Sample

research Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-Gamma Tissue Expression and Gene Polymorphism in Alopecia Areata in an Egyptian Sample

October 2023 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences”

This review evaluates the role of the nuclear receptor PPAR- in skin diseases, highlighting its regulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism, and immune response, and suggests that PPAR-agonists could be promising therapies for conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

research The role of PPARγ-mediated signalling in skin biology and pathology: new targets and opportunities for clinical dermatology

84 citations , February 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses the role of PPARs in skin health, suggesting both potential benefits and adverse effects, but reports no new experimental results; the authors emphasize the need for more research to understand these pathways.

research Nelfb promotes dermal white adipose tissue formation through RNA Polymerase II mediated adipogenic gene regulation

September 2025 in “Development”

In this study, deleting the transcriptional pause factor Nelfb in mouse preadipocyte lineages led to defective dermal fat formation and lethal outcomes, while interventions targeting Pparg could rescue adipocyte differentiation and promote dermal white adipose tissue formation, underscoring Nelfb's critical role in adipogenesis.

research Cicatricial Alopecia Symposium 2011: Lipids, Inflammation and Stem Cells

4 citations , May 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This symposium discussed the role of lipids, inflammation, and stem cells in cicatricial alopecia but reports no new research findings; it highlights lipid pathways as significant in these hair disorders.

research Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications

6 citations , June 2024 in “Medical Review”

This review emphasized the significance of biliary fibrosis in hepatobiliary disorders, exploring its clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and cellular factors, and provided insights into current clinical trials and strategies for managing fibrosis-related cholangiopathies.

research Advanced Inhibition of Undesired Human Hair Growth by PPARγ Modulation?

28 citations , November 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the selective PPARγ modulator GMG-43AC may inhibit unwanted hair growth by inducing catagen phase while preserving hair follicle epithelial progenitor cells, suggesting potential in anti-hirsutism therapy.

research Early skin seeding regulatory T cells modulate PPARγ-dependent skin pigmentation

October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study found that neonatal Regulatory T cells are crucial for maintaining PPARγ signaling in hair follicles, which supports melanocyte stem cell function and skin pigmentation during early postnatal development.