15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
33 citations,
February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Pig ear skin is better than human skin for testing how well barrier creams block allergens from entering hair follicles.
19 citations,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
26 citations,
March 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Researchers created a skin treatment that could effectively deliver medication into hair follicles.
62 citations,
November 2016 in “Nanoscale” Medium to larger nanogels effectively deliver drugs through hair follicles when heated.
39 citations,
November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics” The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.
21 citations,
December 2015 in “European journal of cell biology” Tight junctions create a barrier in pig hair follicles that controls what can enter the skin.
149 citations,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
47 citations,
April 2017 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” The new dutasteride formula can be applied to the skin, may promote hair growth, and has fewer side effects.
1 citations,
February 2023 in “Pharmaceutics” New UVA-responsive nanocapsules effectively kill microorganisms in hair follicles when activated by light.
263 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.
Proretinal nanoparticles are a safe and effective way to deliver retinal to the skin.
7 citations,
February 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Researchers developed a method to measure drugs in hair follicles and found that both water-loving and fat-loving drugs can be detected after being applied to the skin.
109 citations,
March 2011 in “Journal of controlled release” New micelle solutions greatly improve skin delivery of certain antifungal drugs.
12 citations,
March 2012 in “ATLA. Alternatives to laboratory animals” Hair follicles significantly affect the skin absorption of some drugs.
4 citations,
July 2023 in “Pharmaceutics (Basel)” Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to hair follicles is more effective when tested under conditions that match skin behavior.
November 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” Transfersomes are better than liposomes for targeting hair follicles in alopecia treatment.
29 citations,
November 2015 in “Acta Biomaterialia” Infrared light can trigger drug release from gold nanoparticle carriers in hair follicles.
29 citations,
April 2017 in “Macromolecular bioscience” Scientists created tiny pH-sensing gels that can safely measure the pH levels inside hair follicles.
62 citations,
October 2010 in “Journal of biomedical nanotechnology” Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.
14 citations,
September 2019 in “Saudi pharmaceutical journal” Microparticles help caffeic acid stay longer in hair follicles for better treatment of folliculitis.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
25 citations,
July 2019 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Researchers created better skin-application menthol capsules that are stable, safe, and penetrate the skin quickly.
1 citations,
November 2022 in “Pharmaceutical research” The simulation showed that hypobaric pressure improves drug delivery through the skin, but stretching alone doesn't fully explain the increase.
Microneedle technology is effective for skin rejuvenation and enhancing cosmeceutical delivery, with ongoing innovation and increasing commercialization.
151 citations,
November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
22 citations,
November 2018 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” New physical methods like electrical currents, ultrasound, and microneedles show promise for improving drug delivery through the skin.
21 citations,
June 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The nanoparticle-emulsion with polihexanide is more effective and lasts longer for skin antisepsis.