December 2025 in “Jurnal Farmasi Tinctura” This study found that a hair tonic containing 15% ethanol extract of cocoa leaves effectively stimulated hair growth in rabbits, outperforming minoxidil 2%, and was safe with no skin irritation observed.
35 citations
,
February 2002 in “Journal of Radiological Protection” This study found that intramuscular caffeine improved radiation-induced skin reactions in mouse legs but did not affect tumor responses, suggesting potential benefits in cancer radiotherapy.
114 citations
,
January 2007 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that caffeine can stimulate hair growth in vitro and counteract testosterone-induced growth suppression in hair follicles from male AGA patients.
24 citations
,
February 2007 in “Laser Physics Letters” This study found that a caffeine-containing shampoo penetrated deeply into hair follicles in just two minutes and remained there for up to 48 hours, even after washing.
November 2013 in “Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences” This study found that a topical solution of caffeine and minoxidil 2.5% was more effective in treating androgenetic alopecia than minoxidil 2.5% alone.
October 2025 in “Records of Natural Products” This research found that kaempferol, a flavonoid from hair growth-promoting plants, significantly enhanced human dermal papilla cell proliferation and inhibited specific signaling pathways, outperforming minoxidil, with topical application in mice promoting hair growth and thickness, indicating potential as a natural hair loss treatment.
15 citations
,
June 1996 in “Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” This study suggests that measuring caffeine concentration in plasma and scalp hair can be a useful indicator of individual liver metabolic capacity among those consuming typical daily caffeine amounts.
119 citations
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June 2005 in “Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology” This article reviews the therapeutic potential of potassium channel openers for various conditions related to metabolic distress but does not report new clinical results; it emphasizes the need for further research.
May 2024 in “Journal of functional foods” In this laboratory study, coffee bean residue extract was observed to promote the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells by activating autophagy, showing potential for treating hair growth disorders and hair loss.
26 citations
,
December 2009 in “Laser Physics” This study observed that caffeine-containing shampoo can penetrate hair follicles to a depth of approximately 200 μm and remains detectable even after 24 hours, suggesting a potential long-term reservoir effect.
January 2022 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study found that the optimized nanostructured lipid carrier formulation effectively enabled caffeine to penetrate and accumulate in hair follicles, suggesting potential for intrafollicular delivery in treatments for hair loss.
July 2022 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This study concluded that the optimized caffeine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers improved hair growth by enhancing permeation through skin layers more effectively than an existing market formula.
61 citations
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January 2018 in “Cosmetics” This review highlights the potential of coffee silverskin's bioactive compounds in combating skin aging and related conditions, suggesting it as a promising natural ingredient for cosmetics due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.
December 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study determined that caffeine content in anticellulite gels was between 0.7% and 1.7%, and about 1.0% in hair-care products.
October 2017 in “Universidad Nacional de Trujillo” This study found that low doses of hydroethanolic extract from Coffea arabica L. seeds reduced prostatic growth in mice with induced prostatic hyperplasia, while both low and high doses lowered uric acid and PSA levels.
1 citations
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March 2022 in “Protection convergence” This study found that double-fermented green coffee bean extracts displayed strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and dermal papilla cell growth-promoting activities, suggesting potential use in cosmetics for scalp and hair health.
December 2025 in “Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente” This study investigated the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction on sunflower seed oil mixed with defective green coffee grains, finding that higher coffee grain ratios decreased oil yield but increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity, with potential applications for wound treatment.
This study evaluated the therapeutic response of an Afro-descendant patient with non-scarring alopecia after prolonged use of alkaline straighteners and mechanical traction, highlighting the susceptibility of Afro hair to chemical and mechanical damage due to its structure.
May 2024 in “Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi dan Herbal” In this experimental study using male rabbits, researchers found that a 7.5% concentration of green tea leaf ethanol extract hair tonic was nearly as effective in promoting hair growth as the positive control, minoxidil, over a 21-day period.
July 2023 in “International journal of research publications” In this study, topical application of 45% robusta green coffee bean extract in male wistar rats did not significantly enhance hair growth but effectively inhibited the increase of 5α-reductase type 1 levels when exposed to testosterone.
In a study on hair loss treatment, researchers found that a serum containing Cinchona succirubra extract and caffeine improved hair density and reduced hair loss in individuals with acute telogen effluvium after 16 weeks of use, with significant improvements observable after just 4 weeks.
17 citations
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October 2015 in “The Journal of Physiology” This study found that in newborn rats treated with caffeine, progesterone increased apnoea frequency by inhibiting breathing, suggesting it may not be suitable for preterm neonates without addressing allopregnanolone's effects.
5 citations
,
September 2019 in “Medical Sains Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian” This research investigates the potential of green tea leaves and herb gotukola for promoting hair growth, but it reports no new experimental results.
1 citations
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November 2021 in “Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” In this study, three hair tonic formulas containing Kayu Secang extracts demonstrated hair growth activity in rabbits, with the chloroform-methanol fraction showing the most significant results.
1 citations
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December 2019 in “JURNAL BIOSAINS” This study evaluated krokot extract as a hair tonic and found it to be microbiologically safe, effective at extending and increasing hair weight, non-irritating, and generally well-received in terms of aroma and color when tested on rabbits.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, researchers developed a method called the Stiffness-Angle Law and found that hair treated with caffeine-infused shampoo showed a 13.2% increase in stiffness, as measured by their novel evaluation technique.
5 citations
,
September 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that FucoPol hydrogel membranes can effectively deliver model drugs such as caffeine and diclofenac sodium via different loading methods, with notable mechanical and release properties, suggesting their potential as platforms for topical drug delivery.
15 citations
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study reported that combining microdialysis and selective follicular closure with varnish significantly reduces caffeine penetration through hair follicles in an ex vivo porcine ear skin model.
32 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study found that co-delivery of minoxidil and caffeine in transfersomes with an optimized polysorbate formulation enhanced hair length and weight in vivo.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This research indicates that KCED-1 and KCED-2 effectively induce adiponectin production in human subcutaneous fat, which may promote hair growth on the scalp.