21 citations
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April 2021 in “ACS omega” In this study, curcumin was efficiently loaded into PS–PAA nanoparticles at the formation stage, showing even distribution at low concentrations and good biocompatibility with human skin fibroblasts.
This study demonstrated that the IVL-DrugFluidic® platform is effective for mass-producing finasteride-loaded polymeric microspheres for long-acting injectables, maintaining stable drug release without an initial burst for a month.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Liposomes improve minoxidil delivery to hair follicles, enhancing treatment for hair loss.
January 2020 in “Brazilian Journal of Health and Pharmacy” This study developed nanostructured lipid carriers for finasteride that demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity, suggesting potential as a topical treatment for androgenetic alopecia.
2 citations
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December 2021 in “Pharmaceutics” This study demonstrated that a finasteride-loaded proniosome significantly enhanced transfollicular delivery and hair growth in mice without causing skin irritation, with effects comparable to a 2% minoxidil solution.
37 citations
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May 2007 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The study concluded that poly(propylene carbonate maleate) microspheres effectively encapsulated finasteride, achieving a biphasic release with prolonged drug release over 5-6 weeks in vitro.
March 2025 in “Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications” In this study, researchers developed a carboxylated β-cyclodextrin formulation to enhance finasteride's physicochemical properties, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of about 85% and indicating potential for controlled drug release in therapeutic applications. Their findings suggest this inclusion complex could improve delivery of hydrophobic drugs like finasteride.
August 2024 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” In this study, the researchers reported that minoxidil-loaded transfersomes using a cyclodextrin strategy significantly increased drug stability, skin permeation, and hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia compared to traditional formulations and commercial tinctures.
This study developed nanoparticulate systems for caffeine delivery in hair follicles, demonstrating effective caffeine loading and release, as well as successful imaging within model hair follicles.
39 citations
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August 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This study found that the combination of letrozole and quercetin loaded in spanlastics showed enhanced cytotoxicity and other anticancer effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to individual treatments.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) nanovesicles coated with modified chitosans, finding that they can effectively control surface charge and potentially serve as drug delivery carriers with a 50.7% encapsulation efficiency for minoxidil.
2 citations
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September 2024 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics” This research discusses advancements in niosomal drug delivery systems, highlighting their promising potential to improve targeted drug delivery due to their ability to encapsulate various drug types efficiently, offering advantages over traditional liposome systems in terms of chemical stability and therapeutic efficacy.
27 citations
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September 2015 in “Drug development and industrial pharmacy” This study demonstrated that adapalene encapsulated in liposomes significantly improved drug delivery to hair follicles compared to gel and drug solution, potentially targeting acne treatment more effectively.
3 citations
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September 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study reported that encapsulating minoxidil in transferosomes and transethosomes can enhance skin permeability and drug retention compared to its conventional formulation, potentially increasing efficacy in androgenic alopecia treatment while reducing side effects, especially when transethosomes contain oleic acid.
47 citations
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July 2014 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study concluded that polymeric nanoparticles effectively targeted hair follicles for drug delivery, but the organogel formulation did not enhance their penetration into the hair shaft.
35 citations
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October 2015 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Tiny particles carrying roxithromycin can effectively target and deliver the drug to hair follicles without irritation.
This study reported that pentoxifylline-loaded liposomes, optimized using a statistical design method, achieved a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 84.23% and a controlled 72-hour drug release, potentially improving therapeutic delivery of the drug with limited bioavailability.
May 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” This study reported the successful development of finasteride-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, with varying encapsulation efficiencies, aiming to enhance drug delivery for hair growth while minimizing side effects, and noted that an in vivo study will follow to assess efficacy.
4 citations
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March 2020 in “Scientific Reports” This study reported that polymeric nanofibers containing minoxidil sulphate showed effective encapsulation and stability, with minimal concentration loss over six months, making them potentially ideal for delivering this unstable drug in a more visually appealing and easier-to-apply form.
This review critically analyzes recent literature on the use of nanotechnology in alopecia treatment, reporting promising results for improving drug delivery and hair growth, though challenges in maintaining physical stability may limit large-scale commercialization.
August 2019 in “RIUnB Institutional Repository (University of Brasília)” This study developed polymer nanoparticles with and without chitosan coating to deliver dutasteride to hair follicles for treating androgenic alopecia. Both nanoparticle types showed controlled drug release and enhanced follicle targeting, especially with mechanical stimulus, supporting their potential as effective topical carriers in skin layers.
This study reported that chemically modified cellulose from pineapple waste effectively created nanoparticles for minoxidil delivery with high encapsulation efficiency and prolonged release, potentially useful for androgenic alopecia treatment.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study found that a nanotransferosome formulation of finasteride (FI-GO-NTF) in an Aloe vera gel significantly improved scalp permeation and antibacterial activity compared to standard formulations, suggesting safe and effective potential for alopecia areata treatment.
2 citations
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January 2022 in “BioMed Research International” This study found that newly developed nanogels for transdermal delivery of finasteride were stable, showed excellent drug permeation through the skin, and ensured biocompatibility without causing irritation or toxicity.
25 citations
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July 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This study optimized efinaconazole spanlastic nanovesicles using risk management and multivariate analysis for potential transungual delivery to treat onychomycosis, achieving improved drug permeability and dissolution efficiency.
December 2025 in “Processes” This study found that minoxidil had the highest solubility in shea butter, stearic acid, and rosemary oil, suggesting these natural oils may improve drug loading and encapsulation efficiency in lipid nanocarrier formulations for potential hair growth applications.
15 citations
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May 2016 in “Die Pharmazie” This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers provided better skin-targeted delivery and drug loading for lidocaine than nanoethosomes, indicating improved local anesthetic efficacy in vitro.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science” This study aimed to enhance the skin penetration of minoxidil by encapsulating it in glycerosomal vesicles, offering a potential improvement in transdermal drug delivery for treating androgenetic alopecia. Results of the investigation were not reported.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” This study developed EGCG-loaded nanohydrogels using ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol to enhance the stability and delivery of the hydrophilic drug in aloe vera gel, optimizing encapsulation efficiency and drug release properties.
April 2025 in “Journal of Digestive Cancer Research” Milk-derived vesicles are promising for delivering drugs orally and treating various conditions.