Intradermal and Follicular Delivery of Adapalene Liposomes

The study prepared and evaluated a liposomal formulation of adapalene to improve its delivery to hair follicles and reduce side effects. The liposomes, with a diameter of 86.66 ± 3.5 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 97.01 ± 1.84% w/w, showed enhanced drug delivery in vitro, delivering 6.72 ± 0.83 μg/cm² to hair follicles compared to 3.33 ± 0.26 μg/cm² from gel and 1.62 ± 0.054 μg/cm² from drug solution. Confocal microscopy confirmed drug penetration in hair follicles, indicating that liposomal encapsulation effectively targeted the desired site for acne treatment.