TLDR Azelaic acid micro/nanocrystals, especially with ultrasound and salicylic acid, greatly improve acne treatment.
The study concluded that azelaic acid (AZA) micro/nanocrystals, particularly when combined with ultrasound and 1% salicylic acid, significantly enhance the treatment of acne vulgaris by effectively targeting hair follicles. The research demonstrated that these micro/nanocrystals had superior penetration, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects compared to commercial products, with an enhancement ratio (ER) up to 9.6. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including those on rabbit models, showed notable reductions in acne size, inflammation, and epidermal thickness, highlighting the potential of AZA micro/nanocrystals as a promising and safe alternative for acne treatment.
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