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Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.

Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.

Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.

The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.

Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.

Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.

Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.

Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.

A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.

The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.

Acne is caused by genetics, diet, hormones, and bacteria, with treatments not yet curative.

Mice without certain skin proteins had abnormal skin and hair development.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.

Parathyroid hormones are important for hair growth, but their use in treating hair loss from chemotherapy is still uncertain.

Pangolins have lost some skin-related genes, but kept others, leading to their unique scales and skin features.

Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.

Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.

Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.

The project created a standardized system for classifying skin lesions in lab rats and mice.

Certain natural and synthetic compounds may help treat inflammatory skin diseases by targeting a specific signaling pathway.

Nanomaterials can improve hair care products and treatments, including hair loss and alopecia, by enhancing stability and safety, and allowing controlled release of compounds, but their safety in cosmetics needs more understanding.

Cell-based models help test if cosmetic ingredients really work for hair growth and skin health.

The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.

The stiffness of a wound affects hair growth during healing, with less stiff areas growing more hair.

Researchers identified genes and proteins that may influence wool thickness in sheep.

The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.

Small proline-rich proteins and trichohyalin help make epithelial tissues tougher and more flexible.