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This review discusses recent advances in using extracellular vesicles as a potential treatment for alopecia and highlights ongoing challenges in their clinical application and mass production; no new clinical results are reported.

This study found that extracellular vesicles from erythrocytes may promote hair regeneration in patients with androgenic alopecia by transferring components that upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and are involved in the formation of the skin's outer barrier.

This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in psoriasis pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic agents or drug delivery systems, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that extracellular vesicles derived from hyaluronic acid-stimulated induced pluripotent stem cells significantly improved hair growth in a model of androgenetic alopecia in mice by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulating androgen receptor activity, showing comparable results to the commonly used treatment finasteride.

This review outlines the principles of regenerative medicine as applied to cosmetic dermatology, highlighting the need for more data and in vivo trials to standardize methods in this emerging field, while also suggesting future research directions.

This review discusses the applications and potential of microneedles loaded with extracellular vesicles for tissue regenerative repair and disease diagnosis, but does not report new experimental findings.

This study suggests that extracellular vesicles from prostate cancer cells could aid in identifying tumor heterogeneity and serve as biomarkers, while also playing a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasopharyngeal mucus.

This review discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles from various sources for skin rejuvenation and cosmetic use, noting promising results, especially with mesenchymal stem cell-derived vesicles, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that medium/large extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle and adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells both demonstrated significant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in cell cultures, highlighting their potential use as biopharmaceuticals for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

This study reports that mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle injections led to complete hair regrowth in a patient with persistent chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

Adipose-derived stem cells can be transformed into hair-forming cells using specific extracellular vesicles, offering potential for hair regeneration therapies.

This review discusses recent advancements in targeted therapies for vitiligo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses recent advancements in targeted therapies for vitiligo, including JAK inhibitors and mesenchymal stem cells, and highlights the need for further research.

This study found that nanovesicles derived from ReNcell VM cells promoted hair growth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting they may serve as an alternative to extracellular vesicles for hair growth therapy.

In this study, intradermal injections of extracellular vesicles over six months were reported to be safe and effective in improving hair growth among patients with pattern hair loss, with favorable response linked to specific patient factors and treatment volumes.

This study found that injections of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells improved hair growth in over 50% of female and nearly 80% of male patients after six months.

In this retrospective study, cyproterone acetate treatment in late-pubertal trans-girls was found to be generally safe and led to mild feminizing effects, with more rapid feminization occurring when combined with estrogens.

HA-iMSC-EVs can improve skin aging by boosting cell growth and restoring collagen and elastin.

This study demonstrated that EVs from pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved recovery and function in ischemic lower limbs by enhancing angiogenesis through the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.

This study suggests that P. orientalis leaf-derived EVs could offer anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sleep-inducing benefits by affecting neurotransmitter levels and reducing inflammation, particularly when administered intranasally.

In this study, human dermal papilla cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hDPC-EVs) were found to reduce skin fibrosis in mice by delivering miRNA-182-5p, which inhibits the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

This study provides a comprehensive overview of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HUCMSC-EVs), suggesting their potential to combat aging and alleviate age-related disorders by rejuvenating multiple organs in animal models and discussing engineering strategies to harness their full anti-aging potential.

This study found that a serum combining recombinant growth factors and plant-derived EVs significantly increased eyelash length and density without causing skin hyperpigmentation in healthy female participants over eight weeks.

This review highlights the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies for treating various diseases, but it also notes challenges like the lack of regulatory guidelines that hinder their clinical development.

This review discusses the mechanisms and engineering techniques for enhancing the targeted delivery of extracellular vesicles in therapies but reports no new clinical findings; the authors encourage further exploration to advance clinical applications.

This review examines various methods for purifying extracellular vesicles loaded with drugs, highlighting their principles, benefits, and drawbacks, and stresses the importance of standardized guidelines to enhance the reproducibility of EV-based drug delivery research.

This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in bone regeneration and their potential as therapeutics, highlighting challenges like standardization and safety for clinical application, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles from specific skin cells in wound healing, emphasizing their potential in regenerative medicine and reporting no new experimental results.

This review discusses using extracellular vesicles as less invasive surrogates for assessing drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, suggesting potential advancements in precision therapy, but reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles for developing precise psychiatric therapies and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, but reports no new clinical results.