Therapeutic Efficacy and Promise of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Aging and Age-Related Disorders

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (HUCMSC-EVs) show significant promise as therapeutic agents for aging and age-related disorders. They possess immunomodulatory and tissue-repairing capabilities, delivering bioactive molecules that target aging hallmarks like genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction. HUCMSC-EVs have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models for conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, myocardial infarction, and diabetes by promoting cell proliferation and maintaining tissue integrity. They also show potential in treating renal, muscle, bone, and joint health issues, as well as type 2 diabetes and its complications. Despite their promise, challenges remain in optimizing production and understanding their molecular mechanisms, with ongoing research and trials assessing their safety and efficacy.