Disturbance of Immune Microenvironment in Androgenetic Alopecia Through Spatial Transcriptomics

August 2024 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”

Sasin Charoensuksira, Supasit Tantiwong, Juthapa Pongklaokam, Sirashat Hanvivattanakul, Piyaporn Surinlert, Aungkana Krajarng, Wilai Thanasarnaksorn, Suradej Hongeng, Saranyoo Ponnikorn

androgenetic alopecia spatial transcriptomics immune microenvironment infundibulum hair follicles immune cell clusters CD4+ T cells peri-infundibular immune infiltration gene set enrichment cellular deconvolution differential expression protein-protein interaction networks upstream regulator analysis AGA immune cell disruptions immune signatures immune dysregulation

Studysummary The study investigated immune cell patterns around the hair follicle infundibulum in androgenetic alopecia, revealing significant differences in immune signatures between patients with AGA and control donors, specifically noting an enrichment of CD4 cells in the patient group.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

View this study on mdpi.com →

Discuss this study in the Community →

Research cited in this study

38 / 38 results

research The Inflammatory Component of Androgenetic Alopecia

3 citations , November 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This article discusses hormonal mechanisms underlying androgenetic alopecia but does not report any new findings; it reviews the roles of dihydrotestosterone and available FDA-approved treatments.

research Scalp Microbiome and Sebum Composition in Japanese Male Individuals with and without Androgenetic Alopecia

4 citations , October 2021 in “Microorganisms”

This study suggests that both the sebum composition and microbial imbalance on the scalp may play a role in the development of androgenetic alopecia among Japanese males.

Pattern Hair Loss: Assessment of Microinflammation in Miniaturized and Terminal Hair Follicles Through Horizontal Histologic Sections

research Pattern Hair Loss: Assessment of Microinflammation in Miniaturized and Terminal Hair Follicles Through Horizontal Histologic Sections

11 citations , April 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This commentary reviews the evidence for microinflammation's role in pattern hair loss and suggests that further studies with age- and sex-matched controls are needed to substantiate the findings.

research Functional Complexity of Hair Follicle Stem Cell Niche and Therapeutic Targeting of Niche Dysfunction for Hair Regeneration

59 citations , March 2020 in “Journal of Biomedical Science”

This study explored the complex roles of niche cells in regulating hair follicle stem cells, identifying specific cell functions such as signaling, sensing, and relaying messages, which could provide insights into treating hair loss conditions like androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.

research Immune Cell Regulation of the Hair Cycle

27 citations , January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses the role of immune cells in mammalian hair cycle control and highlights their potential relevance to human hair cycling disorders, reporting no new clinical findings.

research Female Pattern Hair Loss: An Update

12 citations , January 2020 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

This article discusses the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for female pattern hair loss, emphasizing the role of topical minoxidil as a primary treatment, but provides no new clinical results.

research Pattern Hair Loss: Assessment of Inflammation and Fibrosis on Histologic Sections

7 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study found inflammation and fibrosis in both pattern hair loss cases and controls but concluded that these factors may not significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of pattern hair loss.

research Progressive Expression of PPARGC1α Is Associated with Hair Miniaturization in Androgenetic Alopecia

8 citations , June 2019 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that the retinoid receptor and PPAR pathway are involved in hair follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia, alongside androgen receptors.

research The Role of the Microbiome in Scalp Hair Follicle Biology and Disease

73 citations , April 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review explores the hair follicle microbiome's interaction with the immune system, discussing its potential clinical implications for scalp health and disease but reports no new clinical results.

research Hair Growth Control by Innate Immunocytes: Perifollicular Macrophages Revisited

21 citations , March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses the role of perifollicular macrophages in hair growth and suggests targeting them could be relevant for managing hair growth disorders, but reports no new results.

research The Main Cause of Hair Rarefaction in Androgenetic Alopecia: Higher Number and Longer Duration of Kenogen Hairs

5 citations , November 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders”

This study found that oral finasteride increased the total number of hairs in men with androgenetic alopecia by 55% over 2.5 years, but did not reduce the number of miniaturized vellus hairs.

research Sexual Problems of Men With Androgenic Alopecia Treated With 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

10 citations , October 2018 in “Sexual medicine reviews”

This review discusses sexual side effects in men with androgenic alopecia treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and reports no new clinical findings.

research Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Clinical, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Review

66 citations , June 2018 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology”

This article discusses treatments for female pattern hair loss, highlighting that oral antiandrogens and topical minoxidil can effectively arrest progression and reverse miniaturization in many patients with mild-to-moderate cases, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Androgen Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Androgenetic Alopecia

39 citations , March 2018 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This review describes the molecular interactions between androgens and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in androgenetic alopecia but reports no new experimental or clinical findings; the authors discuss potential Wnt/ß-catenin-targeted treatments for hair growth.

Identification of Functional Patterns of Androgenetic Alopecia Using Transcriptome Profiling in Distinct Locations of Hair Follicles

research Identification of Functional Patterns of Androgenetic Alopecia Using Transcriptome Profiling in Distinct Locations of Hair Follicles

8 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, researchers found that androgenetic alopecia is associated with increased gene expression related to inflammation, stress, and fibrosis, particularly affecting the hair follicle stem cells and showing similarities to diseases like psoriasis.

research Study of Gene Expression Alteration in Male Androgenetic Alopecia: Evidence of Predominant Molecular Signaling Pathways

27 citations , April 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study identified overexpression of certain immune-related genes and underexpression of genes in specific signaling pathways in premature androgenetic alopecia, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.

research Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review

153 citations , March 2017 in “Endocrine”

This review examines recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia, highlighting two major genetic risk loci, but does not report new clinical findings.

research Genetic Prediction of Male Pattern Baldness

133 citations , February 2017 in “PLoS Genetics”

In this study, researchers used genetic data from over 52,000 men to identify over 250 genetic loci associated with severe hair loss and developed a predictive algorithm for determining hair loss risk.

research Hair Follicle-Derived IL-7 and IL-15 Mediate Skin-Resident Memory T Cell Homeostasis and Lymphoma

245 citations , October 2015 in “Nature medicine”

The research found that hair follicle–derived cytokines, particularly IL-15 and IL-7, regulate skin-resident memory T cells and their role in both immune homeostasis and lymphoma in the skin.

research Androgenetic Alopecia: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update

151 citations , May 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

This review concluded that oral finasteride for men and topical minoxidil for both genders have the most evidence supporting their effectiveness and safety for treating androgenetic alopecia.

research The Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Male Alopecia

37 citations , April 2013 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery”

This study found that environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and testosterone levels may significantly influence various forms of hair loss in male identical twins.

research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Wound-Induced Hair Follicle Neogenesis Through the Receptor Gpr44

68 citations , November 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that PGD2 inhibits hair follicle regeneration in mice through the Gpr44 receptor, suggesting that blocking PGD2 or Gpr44 may enhance skin regeneration after wounds.

research Stress-Induced Production of Chemokines by Hair Follicles Regulates the Trafficking of Dendritic Cells in Skin

286 citations , June 2012 in “Nature Immunology”

In this study, researchers found that mouse hair follicles recruit Langerhans cells by secreting chemokines, acting as key portals for these cells in both mice and humans.

research Minoxidil Use in Dermatology, Side Effects, and Recent Patents

152 citations , April 2012 in “Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery”

This review describes minoxidil's hair regrowth mechanism and discusses dermatological applications, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for regular use and addressing allergic reactions.

research Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

205 citations , March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine”

PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.

research Histopathology of Alopecia: A Clinicopathological Approach to Diagnosis

170 citations , December 2009 in “Histopathology”

This review discusses the histopathological diagnosis of scarring and non-scarring alopecias, emphasizing the importance of adequate tissue sampling and clinical information; it reports no new empirical results.

research Androgenetic Alopecia in Males: A Histopathological and Ultrastructural Study

42 citations , June 2009 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

In this study, researchers observed that follicular microinflammation significantly contributes to the early stages of male androgenetic alopecia, potentially leading to perifollicular fibrosis and follicle destruction as the condition progresses.

research The Hair Follicle as a Dynamic Mini-Organ

759 citations , February 2009 in “Current Biology”

This review summarizes fundamental concepts and recent advancements in hair follicle biology, including insights from mouse models into broader molecular and cellular processes relevant to regeneration and development.

research Dermal Fibrosis in Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Suggestive Implication of Mast Cells

19 citations , February 2008 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This study observed that mast cells and increased collagen and elastic fibers in the scalp may contribute to male pattern hair loss, but additional research is needed for further understanding.

research Prostanoid Receptors in Anagen Human Hair Follicles

39 citations , November 2007 in “Experimental dermatology”

This study found that prostaglandin receptors are widely expressed in hair follicles, suggesting a complex network of prostanoid pathways involved in hair growth control.

research Psychological Effect, Pathophysiology, and Management of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men

112 citations , October 2005 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings”

This article reviews the clinical, psychological, and management aspects of androgenetic alopecia in men, stating that it can be effectively managed by generalist clinicians with pharmacotherapy and surgical advancements.

research Vertical vs. Transverse Sections in Alopecia Biopsy Diagnosis

33 citations , August 2005 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology”

This article provides departmental contact information for Dr. Dirk M. Elston at the Geisinger Medical Center and reports no research findings.

research Histological Features of Peripilar Signs Associated with Androgenetic Alopecia

95 citations , January 2004 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

This study found that peripilar signs on the scalp are linked to perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrates in early androgenetic alopecia, detectable even in areas with high hair density.

research Androgenetic Alopecia and Microinflammation

131 citations , August 2000 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Inflammation may be linked to hair loss, and targeting specific enzymes could help treat it.

research The Biology of Hair Follicles

1113 citations , August 1999 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

This article discusses the biologic and psychosocial significance of hair, the current limitations in hair growth drugs, and anticipates future therapies based on advancing hair follicle research.

research Balding Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells Contain Higher Levels of Androgen Receptors Than Those From Non-Balding Scalp

227 citations , January 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

This study found that dermal papilla cells from balding scalp hair follicles have significantly higher levels of androgen receptors than those from non-balding follicles, supporting their in vivo androgen response.

research Chronic Telogen Effluvium: Increased Scalp Hair Shedding in Middle-Aged Women

234 citations , December 1996 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

The authors concluded that chronic telogen effluvium in middle-aged women presents distinct clinical and histological features that differ from androgenetic alopecia and acute telogen effluvium.

research Male Pattern Alopecia: A Histopathologic and Histochemical Study

94 citations , August 1975 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

In this study, the researchers observed that male pattern alopecia is characterized by miniature follicles, enlarged sebaceous glands, and an increased number of mast cells, without significant abnormalities in enzyme activity.