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Small proline-rich proteins and trichohyalin help make epithelial tissues tougher and more flexible.

The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.

Mutations in the p63 gene affect skin adhesion, barrier integrity, and hair growth.

Researchers identified genes and proteins that may influence wool thickness in sheep.

S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may activate stem cells for hair follicle regeneration and could be potential targets for hair loss treatments.

S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

AP-2α and AP-2β proteins are essential for healthy adult skin and hair.

Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.

Nrf2 helps protect skin from damage but too much can cause skin problems.

Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.

Genetic defects and UV radiation cause skin damage and aging.

TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.

Involucrin gene expression is controlled by specific proteins and signaling pathways.

Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.

RSPO1 mutations in certain patients lead to skin cells that don't develop properly and are more likely to become invasive, increasing the risk of skin cancer.

Understanding keratinization is crucial for treating skin conditions like ichthyoses and psoriasis.

TCDD speeds up skin barrier formation by increasing certain gene expressions.

Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.

ILK is essential for skin development, pigmentation, and healing.

The document concludes that the discussed biological mechanisms and potential therapies are not related to hair loss or hair growth.

Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.

Minoxidil foam 5% effectively treats hair loss in both frontal and vertex scalp regions.

Short telomeres contribute to aging and cancer, and while telomerase can delay aging, it may also promote cancer.

Some treatments can improve skin's defense against damage, but overuse may cause other skin problems.

The study suggests that higher levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2 may improve overall cell health and aging processes.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

The skin is the largest organ, protecting the body, regulating temperature, and producing hormones.

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.

Eating collagen peptides may help with skin and hair growth.