The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
82 citations,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
13 citations,
October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.
25 citations,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” New methods like nanoparticles and microneedles show promise for better skin drug delivery, especially for hair disorders.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
19 citations,
December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
94 citations,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
74 citations,
June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Minoxidil foam enters hair follicles and skin for hair growth.
15 citations,
October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
14 citations,
March 2019 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Proretinal nanoparticles improve skin absorption and reduce irritation of topical retinoids.
21 citations,
April 2012 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” The gel with special fat-loaded particles from rice bran could be an effective skin treatment for hair loss.
59 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of innovative optical health sciences/Journal of innovation in optical health science” Nanoparticles around 600-700 nm can effectively enter and stay in hair follicles for days, which may help in delivering drugs to specific cells.
263 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.
62 citations,
October 2010 in “Journal of biomedical nanotechnology” Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.
55 citations,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.
9 citations,
January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” Using hair follicles can improve skin drug delivery.
4 citations,
March 2013 in “InTech eBooks” Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) is a useful tool for studying how drugs interact with skin and diagnosing skin disorders, despite some limitations.
111 citations,
March 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery” Liposomes could improve how skin care products work but are costly and not very stable.
Proretinal nanoparticles are a safe and effective way to deliver retinal to the skin.
42 citations,
July 2015 in “Cosmetics” Nanotechnology improves hair care products by enhancing ingredient stability, targeting treatment, and reducing side effects, but more research on its toxicity is needed.
4 citations,
May 2022 in “Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Melatonin-loaded microemulsion could be a promising treatment for hair loss.
April 2023 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Melatonin in a special emulsion can help treat hair loss more effectively.
10 citations,
June 2018 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” The flutamide-loaded hydrogel is a promising, skin-friendly treatment for acne and hair loss, potentially requiring less frequent application.
2 citations,
December 2021 in “Pharmaceutics” Finasteride-loaded proniosomes effectively promote hair growth in mice.
March 2024 in “International journal of nanomedicine” Polymeric nanohydrogels show potential for skin drug delivery but have concerns like toxicity and regulatory hurdles.
61 citations,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
48 citations,
May 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms” Hair follicles offer promising targets for delivering drugs to treat hair and skin conditions.
43 citations,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Fractional CO2 laser treatment significantly boosts drug and nanoparticle skin absorption, especially through hair follicles.
62 citations,
May 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.