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    Glossary Th1 cytokines

    signaling proteins produced by Type 1 helper T cells

    Th1 cytokines are signaling proteins produced by a type of immune cell called Type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells). These cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play a crucial role in activating and directing other immune cells to fight off intracellular pathogens like viruses and certain bacteria. They are also involved in inflammatory responses, which can be relevant in conditions like autoimmune diseases and alopecia areata.

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    1. The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications Cells · 2021 · 37 citations
    2. Inheritance-Specific Dysregulation of Th1- and Th17-Associated Cytokines in Alopecia Areata Biomolecules · 2023 · 1 citations
    3. Influence of Gushen Shengfa Pills Combined Wuling Capsules on Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata Disease 2015
    4. Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17/TH22 skewing 2015 · 176 citations
    5. Case Report: Successful Treatment of Alopecia Universalis With Tofacitinib and Increased Cytokine Levels: Normal Therapeutic Reaction or Danger Signal? Frontiers in Immunology · 2022
    6. Cytokine profiling of alopecia areata phenotypic subsets Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2005
    7. 1315 An Integrated model of alopecia areata biomarkers highlights both Th1/Th2 upregulation, with stronger correlations between Th2 activation and disease severity Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018
    8. Olink proteomics analysis of scalp psoriasis reveals a cytokine storm inflammatory mainly related to bacterial-derived antigens 2025
    9. Healthy individuals genetically at-risk for the development of Pemphigus vulgaris or Alopecia areata share disease-like cytokine dysregulation Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 1 citations
    10. Detection of subtypes of T helper cells and their cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus and their clinical significances Journal of Jilin University · 2014
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