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    Glossary Th1 cytokines

    signaling proteins produced by Type 1 helper T cells

    Th1 cytokines are signaling proteins produced by a type of immune cell called Type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells). These cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play a crucial role in activating and directing other immune cells to fight off intracellular pathogens like viruses and certain bacteria. They are also involved in inflammatory responses, which can be relevant in conditions like autoimmune diseases and alopecia areata.

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    1. The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications Cells · 2021 · 37 citations
    2. Inheritance-Specific Dysregulation of Th1- and Th17-Associated Cytokines in Alopecia Areata Biomolecules · 2023 · 1 citations
    3. Influence of Gushen Shengfa Pills Combined Wuling Capsules on Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata Disease 2015
    4. Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17/TH22 skewing 2015 · 176 citations
    5. Case Report: Successful Treatment of Alopecia Universalis With Tofacitinib and Increased Cytokine Levels: Normal Therapeutic Reaction or Danger Signal? Frontiers in Immunology · 2022
    6. Cytokine profiling of alopecia areata phenotypic subsets Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2005
    7. 1315 An Integrated model of alopecia areata biomarkers highlights both Th1/Th2 upregulation, with stronger correlations between Th2 activation and disease severity Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018
    8. Olink proteomics analysis of scalp psoriasis reveals a cytokine storm inflammatory mainly related to bacterial-derived antigens 2025
    9. Healthy individuals genetically at-risk for the development of Pemphigus vulgaris or Alopecia areata share disease-like cytokine dysregulation Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 1 citations
    10. Detection of subtypes of T helper cells and their cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus and their clinical significances Journal of Jilin University · 2014
    11. An integrated model of alopecia areata biomarkers highlights both TH1 and TH2 upregulation Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2018 · 58 citations
    12. Cytokine Targeted Therapeutics for Alopecia Areata: Lessons from Atopic Dermatitis and Other Inflammatory Skin Diseases 2017 · 25 citations
    13. The effect of 5-α reductase inhibitor on Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell-related inflammatory response in BPH World Journal of Urology · 2023 · 1 citations
    14. Alopecia Areata: A Complex Cytokine Driven Disease 2020 · 3 citations
    15. Hair follicles as immune targets: unraveling cellular players, cytokine crosstalk, and precision pathways for future therapy of alopecia areata Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · 2026
    16. Alopecia Areata: A possible extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease Journal of Crohn's and colitis · 2012 · 33 citations
    17. Decreased CD200R expression on monocyte-derived macrophages correlates with Th17/Treg imbalance and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients Inflammation Research · 2014 · 31 citations
    18. 1313 Fzd2 controls multiple aspects of epidermal development through distinct signaling mechanisms Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018 · 1 citations
    19. Optimisation of a Murine Infection Model With <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> for Studying the Pathogenesis of Dermatophytosis Mycoses · 2025
    20. 148 Decreased IL-10 producing regulatory B cells in patients with alopecia areata 2023
    21. A Review on Nanoparticle Based Herbal Remedies for the Management of Alopecia Der Pharmacia Lettre · 2020
    22. Alopecia Areata: A tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle Autoimmunity Reviews · 2005 · 185 citations
    23. Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia (Alopecia Areata) in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model ˜The œAmerican journal of pathology · 2008 · 69 citations
    24. Scalp biomarkers during dupilumab treatment support Th2 pathway pathogenicity in alopecia areata Allergy · 2022 · 15 citations
    25. From mechanisms to therapies: current advances breakthroughs in alopecia areata immunopathology Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 3 citations
    26. SnapshotDx Quiz: September 2016 Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2016
    27. Overlapping features of atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata: from pathogenesis to treatment Frontiers in Immunology · 2025
    28. Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Chronic Alopecia Areata Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2000 · 127 citations
    29. Biomarkers of alopecia areata disease activity and response to corticosteroid treatment Experimental dermatology · 2015 · 65 citations
    30. A novel therapeutic paradigm for patients with extensive alopecia areata Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · 2016 · 30 citations