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AIRE protein, defective in APECED patients, is found in skin and hair cells and interacts with cytokeratin 17.

Testosterone increases fluid secretion and aquaporin expression in the vas deferens, which is important for male fertility.

Ethyl Carbitol is the best at preventing split ends in permed hair.

These drugs cause hair growth without affecting testosterone or adrenal hormones.

XEDAR triggers a specific signaling pathway in cells.

OM-X® helped prevent negative effects of Vitamin C deficiency in mice, suggesting it could protect organs and regulate metabolism.

As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.

Human skin has less GDNF and its receptor with age.

Taking vitamin C and vitamin E twice a day can help prevent sunburn and DNA damage from UVB exposure.

The weight loss drug Orlistat can cause liver damage and should be used with caution, especially in those with liver or kidney issues.

Researchers created specific antibodies that detect a protein important in development and various conditions, and can be used for research and diagnosis.

The G60S Connexin43 mutation causes hair growth issues and poor hair quality in mice, similar to human ODDD patients.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Dandruff might be caused by changes in how hair follicles naturally release oils and an immune response to this imbalance.

Fungi-produced compounds can change plant root growth.

Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.

A girl with symptoms like an autoimmune disorder actually had HIV and a fungal infection, which was hard to diagnose and treat, leading to her death.

There are two ways to start hair growth: one needs Stat3 and the other does not, but both need PI3K activation.

New compounds were made that effectively block a specific enzyme related to androgen conditions.

FCE 28260 is a stronger and longer-lasting inhibitor of 5α-reductase than finasteride, which may make it a better treatment for certain medical conditions.

Certain fats in the skin help control inflammation and health, and changing these fats through diet or supplements might treat skin inflammation.

DGAT1 enzyme helps make diacylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters.

Hair loss in mice starts with immune cells damaging hair roots before it becomes visible.

Lysophosphatidic acid affects sensory neurons and may cause neuropathic pain and itch.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.

Injecting alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in mice improved skin healing and reduced scarring.

Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.

Exosomes could improve skin and hair treatments but are limited by cost, production difficulty, and need for more research.

PNU 157706 is a more effective treatment than finasteride for conditions caused by DHT, like enlarged prostate and hair loss.