TLDR As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.
The study investigated the expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Retinoid X Receptor α (RXRα) during the squamous differentiation of cultured keratinocytes. It found that VDR expression was suppressed while RXRα expression was induced during differentiation. Factors such as cell density, extracellular calcium levels, and treatments with EGF, KGF, TPA, and IFN-γ influenced these patterns. EGF and KGF prevented VDR downregulation, while high calcium and TPA promoted VDR suppression and RXRα induction. The responsiveness of keratinocytes to Vitamin D was reduced under conditions of postconfluence, high calcium, and TPA treatment, but not by IFN-γ. These findings highlighted the complex regulatory mechanisms governing keratinocyte differentiation and the roles of VDR and RXRα in this process.
1308 citations,
March 1998 in “Journal of bone and mineral research” The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.
39 citations,
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42 citations,
August 1995 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” RXR-alpha is strongly expressed in both normal and psoriatic skin and may help in skin cell differentiation and hair growth.
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October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.
55 citations,
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86 citations,
December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology” Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.
16 citations,
July 2012 in “Current pharmaceutical biotechnology” New treatments for skin conditions related to the sebaceous gland are being developed based on current research.
