Proliferation and Differentiation of Cultured Human Keratinocytes Is Modulated by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Synthetic Vitamin D3 Analogues in a Cell Density-, Calcium-, and Serum-Dependent Manner

    January 1997 in “ Pharmacology & toxicology ”
    Mathias Tiedemann Svendsen, Guy Daneels, Johan Geysen, Lise Binderup, Knud Kragballe
    TLDR Vitamin D3 and its analogues affect skin cell growth and development depending on cell density, calcium levels, and serum presence.
    The study investigated how culture conditions affect the sensitivity of human keratinocytes to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and synthetic vitamin D3 analogues. It was found that keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation responses varied based on cell density, calcium concentration, and serum presence. At 50-60% confluence in serum-free medium with 0.09 mM Ca2+, vitamin D3 analogues had minimal impact on proliferation and differentiation. However, at 30% confluence, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly inhibited proliferation, an effect enhanced by 3% charcoal-stripped fetal calf serum. Increasing Ca2+ to 0.3 mM stimulated differentiation and showed a biphasic effect on proliferation. Sensitivity to synthetic analogues was higher than to 1,25(OH)2D3, with differentiation occurring at concentrations 10-30 times lower than for proliferation. The study concluded that keratinocyte response to vitamin D3 analogues is influenced by cell density, serum, and calcium levels.
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