Vitamin D Metabolism and Function in the Skin

June 2011 in “ Molecular and cellular endocrinology ”

Daniel D. Bikle

vitamin D keratinocytes 1,25(OH)(2)D vitamin D receptor VDR hair follicle cycle DRIP SRC hairless Hr β-catenin active vitamin D hair cycle beta-catenin

Studysummary This review discusses the regulation and function of vitamin D and its receptor in skin cells, highlighting their roles in processes such as proliferation inhibition, differentiation, and innate immunity, but reports no new results.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

The keratinocytes in the skin were identified as the primary source of vitamin D for the body and possessed the necessary enzymes to convert vitamin D to its active form, 1,25(OH)(2)D. These cells also expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR), allowing them to respond to the active metabolite they produced. The active form of vitamin D and its receptor regulated several skin functions, including inhibiting proliferation, stimulating differentiation, forming the permeability barrier, promoting innate immunity, and supporting the hair follicle cycle. The regulation of these actions involved various coregulators such as DRIP, SRC, hairless (Hr), and β-catenin. The review focused on the regulation of vitamin D production and metabolism in the skin and the functions controlled by 1,25(OH)(2)D and its receptor.

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18 / 18 results

research Quantification of the Vitamin D Receptor-Coregulator Interaction

62 citations , January 2009 in “Biochemistry”

This study found that both the natural ligand 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and the synthetic agonist LG190178 bind similarly to the vitamin D receptor's coregulator motifs, suggesting similar biological functions.

research The Vitamin D Receptor Is a Wnt Effector That Controls Hair Follicle Differentiation and Specifies Tumor Type in Adult Epidermis

127 citations , January 2008 in “PloS one”

This study observed that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for hair follicle formation and altering tumor development in the Wnt signaling pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential for vitamin D analogues in related tumors.

research Vitamin D Receptor Is Essential For Normal Keratinocyte Stem Cell Function

143 citations , May 2007 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that absence of the vitamin D receptor in keratinocytes impairs canonical Wnt signaling and leads to alopecia due to defects in keratinocyte stem cells.

research Development and Progression of Alopecia in the Vitamin D Receptor Null Mouse

81 citations , January 2006 in “Journal of cellular physiology”

This study found that the absence of the vitamin D receptor disrupts hair follicle structure during the first catagen in mice, linked to increased expression of the hairless gene.

research Hairless Suppresses Vitamin D Receptor Transactivation in Human Keratinocytes

78 citations , November 2005 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that Hairless (Hr) acts as a corepressor of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in human keratinocytes, blocking the action of vitamin D on keratinocyte differentiation.

research Physical And Functional Interaction Between The Vitamin D Receptor And Hairless Corepressor, Two Proteins Required For Hair Cycling

215 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study found that the hairless gene product (Hr) suppresses VDR-mediated gene activation by directly interacting with the vitamin D receptor, potentially affecting hair follicle function.

research K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, And K6irs4 Represent The Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins Of The Human Hair Follicle

130 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study reports the cloning and expression details of two new human type II keratins, K6irs3 and K6irs4, in the hair follicle's inner root sheath, suggesting a distinct functional role related to hair structure.

Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

research Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

57 citations , April 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for initiating the postnatal hair follicular cycle in mice, preventing alopecia associated with its inactivation.

research Lack of the Vitamin D Receptor Is Associated with Reduced Epidermal Differentiation and Hair Follicle Growth

180 citations , January 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that vitamin D receptor knockout mice exhibit impaired epidermal differentiation and progressive hair loss, suggesting the importance of the vitamin D receptor in normal skin and hair follicle development.

research Targeting Expression of the Human Vitamin D Receptor to the Keratinocytes of Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice Prevents Alopecia

21 citations , December 2001 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that restoring vitamin D receptor expression in keratinocytes of VDR null mice prevents alopecia by enhancing the hair follicle's proliferative response during anagen initiation.

research Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is a Phenocopy of Generalized Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Hairless Gene

139 citations , September 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This case report describes a patient with mutations in both alleles of the vitamin D receptor who exhibited hair loss clinically indistinguishable from generalized atrichia with papules, suggesting a potential genetic pathway shared with the hairless gene.

research Evaluation of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice

29 citations , June 2000 in “Endocrinology”

This study suggests that alopecia in vitamin D receptor null mice is due to impaired initiation of the hair cycle rather than defects in keratinocyte proliferation or differentiation.

research The Role of the Hairless (Hr) Gene in the Regulation of Hair Follicle Catagen Transformation

166 citations , July 1999 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

This study found that the loss of a functional hr gene in mice leads to premature and abnormal hair follicle regression, disrupting normal hair cycling and architecture.

research Normalization of Mineral Ion Homeostasis by Dietary Means Prevents Hyperparathyroidism, Rickets, and Osteomalacia, But Not Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor-Ablated Mice

119 citations , October 1998 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that normalizing mineral ion levels in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice prevented hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but alopecia persisted, indicating a separate role for the receptor in hair growth.

research Alopecia Universalis Associated With a Mutation in the Human Hairless Gene

412 citations , January 1998 in “Science”

This study identified a missense mutation in the human hairless gene associated with a rare form of recessively inherited alopecia universalis, pinpointed on chromosome 8p12.

research Analysis of the Relation Between Alopecia and Resistance to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D

100 citations , October 1986 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

This study found that alopecia in hereditary resistance to 1,25(OH)2D may indicate a more severe form of the condition, associated with earlier diagnosis and different responses to calciferol therapy.

research Calcitriol-Resistant Rickets With Alopecia

11 citations , May 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology”

This study found that calcitriol-resistant rickets is associated with alopecia in children and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hair loss.

research Topographical and Developmental Studies on Target Sites of 1,25 (OH)₂ Vitamin D₃ in Skin

70 citations , November 1984 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research”

Vitamin D3 affects cell differentiation in specific skin areas.