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This literature review identified that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, such as Tadalafil, are highly effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, while the efficacy of saw palmetto remains inconsistent.

This review discusses various treatments for noncicatricial alopecias, such as androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, including mesotherapy, microneedling, and platelet-rich plasma therapy, noting that outcomes vary across these procedures.

This review examines the sexual side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride, highlighting the increased risk of erectile dysfunction, libido reduction, and potential contribution to depression without new clinical findings.

This study found that vitamin D regulates cholesterol metabolism and may influence prostate cancer development through mechanisms affecting prostate cell growth and sex hormone metabolism.

This review reports that the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is shifting from single therapies to personalized, multimodal approaches incorporating both traditional and emerging pharmacologics, regenerative strategies, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and device-based interventions, with combination regimens showing improved outcomes.

This review suggests that the mTOR signaling pathway may play a significant role in hair follicle health by influencing the effects of Vitamin D receptor deficiency, potentially contributing to hair follicle damage and related hair loss conditions.

The document explains various skin conditions and their treatments.

This study found that ChatGPT 4.0 and Gemini 1.5 Flash provided more accurate and user-friendly responses to androgenetic alopecia questions than Deepseek R1, suggesting they could be effective tools for patient education with physician guidance.

This study reviews 10 herbal supplements, including Berberine and Cinnamon, as alternative treatments for PCOS, noting they are more accessible and affordable than conventional medications, especially in low-resource settings, though further clinical research is needed.

This review discusses how androgens may regulate wound healing and inflammation, noting that testosterone appears to inhibit healing and promote inflammation, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that castration-resistant prostate cancers resistant to CYP17A1 inhibitors may still depend on steroids and could respond to therapies targeting de novo intratumoral steroid synthesis.

This study explored the interaction between androgen and Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells, targeting the effects of androgen on hair growth reduction.

This review discusses how macro-environmental factors such as intradermal adipose tissue and sex hormones influence hair and feather stem cell niches, suggesting environmental targets for regenerative medicine, but reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights the potential of coffee silverskin's bioactive compounds in combating skin aging and related conditions, suggesting it as a promising natural ingredient for cosmetics due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.

This review examines the role of steroidal inhibitors in treating prostatic diseases but presents no new clinical results.

This study identified overexpression of certain immune-related genes and underexpression of genes in specific signaling pathways in premature androgenetic alopecia, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.

In this randomized clinical trial, the authors reported that adipose-derived stem cell constituent extract topical solution increased hair density and thickness in patients with androgenetic alopecia over 16 weeks compared to placebo.

This study found that a composition including Serenoa repens extract and anti-inflammatory agents effectively suppressed inflammation-related gene expression in a keratinocyte model, suggesting a potential dual strategy for treating androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that Sargassum muticum extract and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone promoted hair growth in rat and mouse models by increasing dermal papilla cell proliferation and activating certain signaling pathways.

This review discusses spironolactone's new roles in tumor immunosurveillance, DNA repair inhibition, and viral infection suppression, highlighting its potential to extend uses beyond traditional applications, but reports no clinical results.

The study found that finasteride increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and reduced fertility in rats, effects that were alleviated by the administration of DA-9401.

This study found that Polygonum multiflorum extract may promote hair growth by increasing anagen duration and activating dermal papilla cells in human hair follicles, as observed in cultured cell models.

This study reported that Panax ginseng extract significantly inhibited DKK-1-induced catagen-like changes in human hair follicles by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis, suggesting it may help mitigate hair loss associated with DKK-1.

This study found that in rodent models, the ability of D1 dopamine receptor activation to impair sensory gating is facilitated by 5α-reductase type 1, which produces allopregnanolone.

This study found that Rumex japonicus Houtt. root extract promoted hair growth by enhancing cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis in human dermal papilla cells and HaCaT cells, as well as in a mouse model.

This study suggests that finasteride treatment in male rats can lead to changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism and may result in metabolic disruptions and liver steatosis in their offspring.

This study suggests that finasteride may inhibit the enzyme PNMT, potentially contributing to its sexual and psychological side effects.

This study found that finasteride treatment in male rats may lead to changes in connexin 43 expression in the testes of their offspring, potentially affecting spermatogenesis.

This study found that in a mouse model of PCOS, high androgen levels caused pyroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells and increased ER stress in oocytes, reducing oocyte maturation rates, while treatment with CPA and DMF improved these rates.

The researchers reported that finasteride treatment in male rats may lead to changes in antioxidant enzyme activity in their offspring's epididymis, potentially affecting sperm maturation.