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Glossary Candidate Genes

specific genes believed to influence a particular trait or disease

Candidate genes are specific genes that researchers believe may be associated with a particular trait or disease, based on their known biological functions or previous studies. For example, in the context of alopecia (hair loss), scientists might identify candidate genes that are involved in hair growth or immune system regulation, as these processes are relevant to the condition. Identifying and studying these genes can help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease and potentially lead to targeted treatments.

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Differential Expression Between Human Dermal Papilla Cells from Balding and Non-Balding Scalps Reveals New Candidate Genes for Androgenetic Alopecia

research Differential Expression between Human Dermal Papilla Cells from Balding and Non-Balding Scalps Reveals New Candidate Genes for Androgenetic Alopecia

46 citations , April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that down-regulation of vasculature-related genes in dermal papilla cells from balding scalps might contribute to the development of androgenetic alopecia.

research Candidate genes of SARS-CoV-2 gender susceptibility

27 citations , November 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

This study used bioinformatics to explore molecular differences in testicular and ovarian responses to SARS-CoV-2, identifying genes that could be associated with sex differences in infection outcomes.

research Candidate Gene Analysis Of Alopecia Areata In Jordanian Population Of Arab Descent: A Case–Control Study

6 citations , November 2019 in “The application of clinical genetics”

This study identified a significant genetic association between the TNFα gene and alopecia areata susceptibility in the Jordanian Arab population.

research Genetic determinants of skin ageing: a systematic review and meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies and candidate genes

3 citations , February 2025 in “Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY”

This systematic review and meta-analysis found 30 genetic loci associated with skin ageing phenotypes, noting shared biological pathways in aspects like pigmentation and wrinkling; researchers suggest further studies targeting the same SNP across populations could clarify these associations.

Candidate SNP Markers of Reproductive Potential Predicted by Significant Change in Affinity of TATA-Binding Protein for Human Gene Promoters

research Candidate SNP markers of reproductive potential are predicted by a significant change in the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters

16 citations , February 2018 in “BMC Genomics”

This paper reviews genome-based personalized medicine developments using Web services for analyzing SNPs in reproductive potential but reports no new clinical findings.

research Evaluation of androgen receptor gene as a candidate gene in female androgenetic alopecia

23 citations , May 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, no association was found between the AR gene and type II androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian women, suggesting it is not a useful biomarker for predisposition.

research The Genetics of Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Candidate Gene Approach and Pilot Genome-Wide Association Study

15 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study identified two genome-wide significant genetic associations with seborrheic dermatitis, suggesting a potential genetic susceptibility contributing to the disease's pathogenesis.

Gene Network Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Hair Follicle Development in Sheep

research Gene network analysis reveals candidate genes related with the hair follicle development in sheep

14 citations , June 2022 in “BMC genomics”

This study identified key genes involved in hair follicle development in Merino sheep, offering insights for improving wool production and providing a basis for future breeding programs.

research Gene Network Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related with the Hair Follicle Development in Sheep

February 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study identified candidate genes related to hair follicle development in Merino sheep, providing insights for improving sheep wool quality and potentially understanding human hair growth mechanisms.

research Evaluation of androgen receptor gene as a candidate gene in female androgenetic alopecia

March 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study found no association between the androgen receptor gene and type II androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian women, suggesting it is not a useful biomarker for genetic predisposition.

research Signature selection analysis reveals candidate genes associated with production traits in Iranian sheep breeds

55 citations , December 2021 in “BMC Veterinary Research”

This study identified several candidate genes related to wool production traits and adaptation to hot, arid environments in Iranian sheep, highlighting potential targets for future inbreeding programs.

research Susceptibility variants on chromosome 7p21.1 suggest HDAC9 as a new candidate gene for male-pattern baldness

51 citations , November 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study suggests that the HDAC9 gene is a third susceptibility gene for male-pattern baldness, with significant associations found in both German and Australian samples.

In Silico Analysis of Gene Expression Data from Bald Frontal and Haired Occipital Scalp to Identify Candidate Genes in Male Androgenetic Alopecia

research In silico analysis of gene expression data from bald frontal and haired occipital scalp to identify candidate genes in male androgenetic alopecia

6 citations , September 2019 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

In this study, researchers identified 32 differentially expressed genes involved in androgenetic alopecia, with down-regulated genes associated with Wnt and TGF-beta signaling and up-regulated genes linked to oxidative stress pathways.

research Identification of Candidate Genes for Min Pig Villi Hair Traits by Genome-Wide Association of Copy Number Variation

3 citations , April 2023 in “Veterinary sciences”

This study found that among Large White × Min pigs, 15 significant copy number variation regions were associated with villi hair traits, and identified candidate genes potentially linked to cold resistance, suggesting implications for breeding cold-resistant pigs.

research Whole blood transcriptome profiling identifies candidate genes associated with alopecia in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

1 citations , April 2022 in “BMC Genomics”

This study reported that alopecia in giant pandas may be linked to abnormal expression of several hair-related genes and pathways, providing insight for potential prevention and treatment strategies.

research Sequencing KRT71 as a candidate gene for hair shape variation in dromedary camels

January 2025 in “Kuwait Journal of Science”

In this study, researchers sequenced the KRT71 gene in 102 dromedary camels to find genetic polymorphisms linked to hair shape, identifying 17 variants but none that fully explained hair shape variations, suggesting other genes may also play a role.

research Exomic Sequencing of Immune-Related Genes Reveals Novel Candidate Variants Associated with Alopecia Universalis

18 citations , January 2013 in “PLoS ONE”

This study identified several significant genetic variants associated with alopecia universalis, including a novel association with HLA-DRB5, which may play a hidden role in the disease.

research Coloration in Equine: Overview of Candidate Genes Associated with Coat Color Phenotypes

4 citations , June 2024 in “Animals”

This review examines the genetic factors influencing coat color in horses and donkeys, highlighting key genes like MC1R, TYR, MITF, ASIP, and KIT, and discusses implications for selective breeding and the relationship between coat color and specific equine diseases.

research Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes associated with body weight and wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep

August 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

This study identified 22 genetic loci potentially linked to body weight and wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep, highlighting six candidate genes that could be pivotal in understanding and improving these economically important characteristics.

Integrative Skin Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes for Coat Color and Fiber Length in Four Chinese Goat Breeds (Capra hircus)

research Integrative skin phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses reveal candidate genes for coat color and fiber length in four Chinese goat breeds (Capra hircus)

January 2026 in “Animal Advances”

In this study of four Chinese goat breeds, black goats exhibited significantly higher melanin content, while Inner Mongolian cashmere goats had longer fiber lengths. These findings highlight genetic variations in coat color and fiber length, informing future breeding programs.

research Whole genome sequencing analysis of alpaca suggests TRPV3 as a candidate gene for the suri phenotype

February 2024 in “BMC genomics”

This study identified a gene variant in the TRPV3 gene that may explain the suri alpaca phenotype, characterized by longer and less crimped fleece, suggesting this variant's involvement in the development of these hair characteristics compared to the huacaya phenotype.

research A conditional multi-trait sequence GWAS discovers pleiotropic candidate genes and variants for sheep wool, skin wrinkle and breech cover traits

11 citations , July 2021 in “Genetics selection evolution”

This study used whole-genome sequence data to identify numerous putative causal variants and genes affecting key wool traits and skin wrinkle in Merino sheep, highlighting their polygenic and pleiotropic nature.

A Frameshift Insertion in SGK3 Leads to Recessive Hairlessness in Scottish Deerhounds: A Candidate Gene for Human Alopecia Conditions

research A frameshift insertion in SGK3 leads to recessive hairlessness in Scottish Deerhounds: a candidate gene for human alopecia conditions

10 citations , March 2019 in “Human Genetics”

This study identified a genetic variant in the SGK3 gene related to hairlessness in Scottish Deerhounds, suggesting a similar role for androgen-independent hair loss in humans.

research 1250 Development of an ex vivo human skin explant model to examine candidate gene functions in the hair follicle and epidermis

April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that treating human skin explants with TPA increased the number of certain melanocyte phenotypes in the interfollicular epidermis, suggesting that this ex vivo model can effectively replicate human skin's pharmacologic responses for studying potential treatments.

research Genome-wide association study for cashmere traits in Inner Mongolia cashmere goat population reveals new candidate genes and haplotypes

13 citations , July 2024 in “BMC Genomics”

In this study, researchers found that single SNPs have a small genetic effect on phenotypes in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, and constructing haplotypes from associated SNPs may uncover complex variations in cashmere traits, aiding genomics and breeding efforts.

research A comprehensive genome-wide analysis for signatures of selection in goat (genus Capra) revealed new candidate genes for environmental adaptation and productive traits

1 citations , October 2025 in “BMC Genomics”

This study found that both natural and environmental selection have significantly influenced the goat genome, revealing genetic loci tied to adaptation, fitness, and productive traits, more so than artificial selection, across various goat populations.

The Use of High-Density SNP Array to Map Homozygosity in Consanguineous Families to Efficiently Identify Candidate Genes: Application to Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome

research The Use of High-Density SNP Array to Map Homozygosity in Consanguineous Families to Efficiently Identify Candidate Genes: Application to Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome

7 citations , January 2015 in “Case reports in genetics”

This case report illustrates how SNP array testing helped identify a DCAF17 mutation linked to Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome in consanguineous Qatari siblings with shared features including alopecia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

research MendelVar: gene prioritization at GWAS loci using phenotypic enrichment of Mendelian disease genes

2 citations , April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This article discusses the MendelVar webserver, which integrates Mendelian disease data with GWAS findings to prioritize candidate genes for complex traits and reports no new experimental results.

research Prioritizing Susceptibility Genes for the Prognosis of Male-pattern Baldness with Transcriptome-wide Association Study

January 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study identified robust susceptibility genes and potential drug candidates for male-pattern baldness, providing insights into the condition's molecular mechanisms.

research Are sex hormones promising candidates to explain sex disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic?

19 citations , November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders”

This article discusses the role of sex hormones in COVID-19 fatality differences between sexes and reports no new clinical results, suggesting that future strategies should consider sex-specific approaches.