62 citations
,
December 2013 in “Aaps Journal” This research reported that squarticles, nanoparticles made from sebum-derived lipids, enhanced the follicular delivery and skin accumulation of diphencyprone and minoxidil, indicating effective drug deposition with reduced systemic absorption in alopecia treatment.
122 citations
,
March 2013 in “Expert opinion on drug delivery” This review summarizes drug delivery strategies to hair follicles, highlighting physicochemical factors affecting penetration and the use of stimuli-responsive particulate carriers, but reports no new clinical findings.
39 citations
,
January 2013 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” This article reviews the potential of nanoparticles for drug delivery through the skin barrier and highlights the need for further research on solid nanoparticles, as they lack commercial development for this purpose.
57 citations
,
December 2012 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” This review discusses the application of confocal laser scanning microscopy for studying nanoparticle interactions with skin and highlights its potential for broad applications, but reports no new experimental findings.
47 citations
,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” This study found that surface modified nanoparticles showed increased skin permeation and improvement in allergic contact dermatitis, independent of the follicular pathway.
43 citations
,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” This study found that fractional laser treatment significantly enhances the penetration and targeting of certain permeants, such as imiquimod and FD, to skin follicles, but not hydroquinone.
59 citations
,
October 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Research” This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers with more soybean phosphatidylcholine provided better skin retention and follicular targeting for diphencyprone compared to other formulations and controls.
161 citations
,
August 2012 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology” This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in hair follicle development and regeneration, highlighting findings from mouse genetic studies, and reports no new experimental results.
80 citations
,
June 2012 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study observed that smaller polymeric submicron particles provided more efficient selective drug delivery to inflamed skin in a mouse model, enhancing therapeutic effects while reducing systemic adverse effects.
67 citations
,
January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that nanoparticles did not permeate intact rat skin but could penetrate skin that had been artificially punctured, primarily through grooves or hair follicles.
97 citations
,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.
94 citations
,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” This study found that hair follicles contribute significantly to caffeine absorption shortly after topical application, with a faster absorption rate compared to the stratum corneum.
122 citations
,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This review discusses the mechanisms and storage of particles in hair follicles and presents no new experimental results, highlighting the need for further research in their safe application in dermatology and cosmetics.
263 citations
,
February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study found that medium-sized particles (643 and 646 nm) penetrated deeper into porcine hair follicles in vitro than smaller or larger particles, suggesting size-selective targeting within follicular sites.
62 citations
,
October 2010 in “Journal of biomedical nanotechnology” This review discusses the challenges and contradictions in understanding nanoparticle penetration and toxicity in human skin, emphasizing the need for standardized testing and further research on particles smaller than 10 nm.
74 citations
,
June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study found that hair follicles are a significant and efficient pathway for the absorption of topical minoxidil foam in humans, with faster blood detection when follicles are open.
142 citations
,
January 2010 in “Journal of dermatological science” This review covers follicle-targeting drug delivery systems, exploring their potential for improving localized and systemic therapies, and highlights the need for further research into follicle penetration mechanisms.
55 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that ethanol-containing formulations significantly increased minoxidil retention in the stratum corneum and appendages initially, while a propylene glycol-rich formulation enhanced deeper skin penetration over time.
32 citations
,
March 2009 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” 95 citations
,
January 2009 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” This study observed that particles sized 300-600 nm penetrate hair follicles more efficiently, likely due to alignment with the thickness of the human hair cuticula.
119 citations
,
December 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, transcutaneously applied nanoparticles and viral vectors were shown to penetrate murine hair follicles, internalize in antigen-presenting cells, and induce immune responses, suggesting a promising approach for vaccine delivery.
48 citations
,
May 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms” This review discusses recent advancements in understanding hair follicles, their disorders, and potential therapeutic opportunities, but it reports no new clinical findings.
264 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” This study found that ZnO nanoparticles in topical skin products do not penetrate beyond the outer skin layers in humans, suggesting minimal safety concerns for subdermal absorption.
182 citations
,
December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” This study demonstrated that hair follicles significantly expedite the absorption of caffeine through the skin compared to interfollicular pathways.
161 citations
,
April 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Liposomes with certain properties can effectively deliver drugs deep into hair follicles.
323 citations
,
April 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that 40 nm nanoparticles can effectively penetrate into hair follicles and epidermal Langerhans cells in human skin samples, potentially enabling efficient transcutaneous vaccine delivery.
224 citations
,
March 2006 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This article discusses the hair follicle's regenerative cycles and the molecular mechanisms influencing them, emphasizing the need for therapeutic targeting of the "hair cycle clock" to manage hair growth disorders, without reporting new research findings.
297 citations
,
December 2005 in “Journal of controlled release” This study found that POD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using 0.5% poloxamer 188 and 1.5% soybean lecithin (P-SLN) improved epidermal targeting and POD accumulation in porcine skin compared to traditional tincture.
162 citations
,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study introduces a novel non-invasive method called "differential stripping" to quantify the penetration of topically applied substances into hair follicles.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.
405 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that hair follicle characteristics vary significantly across different body sites, with the forehead and calf showing the highest potential follicular reservoirs, challenging previous assumptions about skin appendage distribution.