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This study found that the type IV collagenases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, play significant roles in the hair cycle, potentially through their influence on VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β expression.

This study found that PlncRNA‑1 may enhance the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells by upregulating the TGF‑β1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

This study found that NFI-C plays a crucial role in the transition from the telogen to anagen phase of the hair follicle cycle, affecting hair growth initiation in mice.

This study found that liposterolic extracts of Serenoa repens enhanced hair regeneration and repair in DHT-induced hair loss mouse models, suggesting potential effects comparable to finasteride.

In this study, researchers found that petroleum ether extract of Eclipta alba significantly stimulated follicular keratinocyte proliferation and reduced TGF-β1 expression in nude mice, suggesting potential use for certain types of alopecia.

This review highlights the critical role of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways in the development and regeneration of skin layers, particularly the dermis, and discusses their significance in advancing future clinical applications in dermatology.

TGF-β1 increases androgen receptor activity in hair loss, but Hic-5/ARA55 can counter this effect.

In this study, researchers found that miR-3606-3p is significantly downregulated in skin fibrosis and correlates with disease severity, with its ability to inhibit key signaling pathways suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions like systemic sclerosis and keloids.

TP0427736 may help treat hair loss by blocking a specific protein and promoting hair growth.

This study showed that coexpression of TG2 and Gbx1 in the epidermis is necessary for esophagus-like mucosal transdifferentiation, with TGF-beta2 in the dermis essential for the process through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.

This study found that procyanidin oligomers from apples and barley may stimulate hair growth by promoting hair epithelial cell proliferation and protecting them from apoptosis via MEK activation in a murine model.

In this study, TGFβR I was more highly expressed in alpaca ear skin than in back skin, suggesting it may inhibit coat hair growth, with let-7b downregulating TGFβR I protein through transcriptional repression.

This study found that TGF-β2 may enhance collagen expression and spheroid formation in human dermal papilla cells, which could improve their hair inductivity and maintenance.

This study found that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppresses prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β induced IGF-I gene promoter activity in osteoblasts, suggesting complex interactions among bone growth regulators and potential complications from anabolic steroid use.

In this study, the researchers found distinct patterns of TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II expression in pig fetal subcutaneous tissue, suggesting specific regulatory roles in developing adipocytes and muscle tissue.

This study found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits mink hair follicle growth by reducing dermal papilla cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, likely through the TGF-β2/Smad2/3 pathway.

This study found that in yak hair follicles, TGF-β2 significantly contributes to the transition from growth to regression phases via inducing apoptosis, whereas HSP70 appears to inhibit follicle regression by protecting epithelial cells from apoptosis.

This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.

This study found that topical administration of the TGFβ mimetic peptide DPS-1 stimulated hair growth in mice by promoting HDP cell proliferation and enhancing hair follicle morphology.

This study found that 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) promoted hair growth in rat vibrissa follicles by activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathways and inhibiting the TGF-β pathway in dermal papilla cells.

In this study, Lagerstroemia indica extract was found to significantly promote hair growth and prevent hair loss in human trials, likely through the regulation of specific signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a cosmetic treatment for hair loss prevention.

This study used a probabilistic Boolean network model to explore hair follicle cell fate regulation and predicted that varying TGF-β levels, in coordination with BMP and TNF, can influence either apoptosis or cell proliferation during different follicle growth stages.

This article discusses the concept of telogen effluvium, introduced in 1961, characterized by diffuse scalp hair loss due to various triggers, and reports no new clinical findings.

The authors reported that 4-O-methylhonokiol decreased TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress markers in human keratinocyte cells, suggesting a potential protective role in TGF-β1-mediated cell cycle regulation.

In this study, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was found to enhance the proliferative, migratory, and hair-inducing abilities of dermal papilla cells more effectively than platelet-rich plasma through the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

This study found that the microRNAs oar-miR-23b and oar-miR-133 inhibit the proliferation and migration of sheep dermal fibroblasts, impacting the development of hair follicles in superfine wool sheep by targeting the genes TGFβ2 and NOTCH1.

This study found that hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells improved liver function and pathology in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway and reducing hepatic stellate cell activation.

This laboratory study found that PI extract, along with its metabolites Ang and Mac, inhibited cell proliferation and protein expression linked to pathways involved in BPH, suggesting potential for therapeutic use, although the Ang-Mac combination showed no significant effect on apoptosis through the p53 pathway.

In this study, a wound-induced skin fibrosis model in mice revealed that TGFβ signaling plays a pivotal role in maintaining fibrogenic characteristics in dermal adipocyte progenitors, which could inform new therapeutic approaches for fibrotic skin conditions such as scleroderma.

This study observed that a CARASIL mouse model demonstrated abnormal behavior, vascular and cellular changes, and upregulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, indicating its potential involvement in CARASIL pathogenesis.