Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
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124 citations,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
92 citations,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
24 citations,
June 2011 in “Andrologia” Ganoderma lucidum may help treat enlarged prostate in rats.
23 citations,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
21 citations,
January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.
14 citations,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.
8 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
8 citations,
July 2018 in “Analytical sciences” Using 5-butylpicolinate esters improves the sensitivity and reliability of detecting testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in saliva.
7 citations,
January 2014 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A woman's excessive hair growth was caused by a rare benign tumor in her adrenal gland, which was successfully removed.
2 citations,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” The hCG diet and testosterone therapy can cause hair loss in some people.
2 citations,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
2 citations,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
September 2023 in “Scientific reports” Segmental hair analysis can track testosterone over time but needs adjustments for sex, hair color, and washing frequency.
June 2019 in “The Medical journal of Basrah University” Laparoscopic ovarian drilling helps infertile women with PCOS by improving menstrual regularity, ovulation, and chances of conception, and by changing hormone levels.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
February 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Testosterone replacement therapy helps manage deficiency and has various methods, but requires careful monitoring to avoid side effects.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
282 citations,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
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6 citations,
December 2010 in “Case Reports” A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.
January 2010 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology” Older men with lower levels of available testosterone are more likely to be frail.
70 citations,
March 2016 in “Urologic Clinics of North America” The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.
51 citations,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
38 citations,
July 1989 in “Archives of dermatological research” Testosterone causes hair loss in AGA mice, which are good for testing baldness treatments, and both minoxidil and cyproterone acetate can prevent this hair loss.
28 citations,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
21 citations,
September 2017 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.
20 citations,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Most cases of excessive hair growth in women are caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome and are linked to higher free testosterone levels.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.
15 citations,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.