Search

for
Search:

Glossary S100 Proteins

calcium-binding proteins involved in cell regulation and signaling

S100 Proteins are a family of calcium-binding proteins involved in various intracellular and extracellular functions, such as regulation of protein phosphorylation, enzyme activities, and cell growth and differentiation. They are implicated in several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions, making them significant both in basic biological research and clinical diagnostics.

Related Terms

Sort by

Research

30 / 530 results

Expression of Calcium-Binding S100 Proteins A4 and A6 in Regions of the Epithelial Sac Associated with the Onset of Hair Follicle Regeneration

research Expression of Calcium-Binding S100 Proteins A4 and A6 in Regions of the Epithelial Sac Associated with the Onset of Hair Follicle Regeneration

72 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may play key roles in activating stem cells for hair follicle regeneration in mice.

research The Roles of S100 Proteins and RAGE in Melanoma

5 citations , June 2011 in “InTech eBooks”

This review discusses the role of S100B protein in melanoma progression and its potential as a prognostic marker, reporting no new clinical findings; further studies are needed.

research S-100 Protein Immunoreactivity in the Upper Eyelid of the Sheep Ovis aries

2 citations , June 2004 in “Journal of Molecular Histology”

research Identification of Trichohyalin-Like 1, an S100 Fused-Type Protein Selectively Expressed in Hair Follicles

27 citations , May 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TCHHL1 is a protein important for hair growth, found in hair follicles.

research Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages

68 citations , April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study identified a new S100 fused-type protein, scaffoldin, in reptiles and birds and suggests that SFTP-positive epithelia serve as scaffolds for the growth of various skin appendages, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

research S100 signaling in hair follicle biology: emerging mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities

August 2026 in “Journal of Molecular Histology”

Targeting S100 proteins may help treat hair loss.

research Human Trichohyalin Gene Is Clustered with the Genes for Other Epidermal Structural Proteins and Calcium-Binding Proteins at Chromosomal Locus 1q21

January 1993

This study demonstrates that the trichohyalin gene is located at chromosomal region 1q21, where several other genes related to epidermal differentiation also map.

research Characterization of the cysteine-rich calcium-binding S100A3 protein from human hair cuticles

17 citations , December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications”

This study reports on the biochemical characteristics of S100A3 protein in human hair cuticle, notably finding its N-terminal methionine is acetylated and has a slightly lower isoelectric point compared to the recombinant version.

research Isolation and Characterization of Human Repetin, a Member of the Fused Gene Family of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex

77 citations , April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Repetin is a protein involved in skin and hair development, binding calcium and compensating for other proteins when needed.

research Human hair follicle biomagnetism: potential biochemical correlates

8 citations , July 2015

This study found that human hair follicles emit electromagnetic fields due to metabolic activity linked to S100 proteins, visualized using a novel microscopic technique with nano-sized iron particles.

research Advances in molecular pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: Dysregulated keratins and ECM signaling

5 citations , February 2022 in “Seminars in cell & developmental biology”

This review discusses the complexities of hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis, highlighting issues with Notch signaling, immune dysregulation, and the role of keratinocytes and ECM, but reports no new clinical results.

research RAGE and Its Ligands in Melanoma

1 citations , April 2015 in “InTech eBooks”

RAGE is a potential target for melanoma treatment, but its effectiveness is uncertain due to variable expression levels.

research 0034 Cross-species insights into hair follicle-T cell interactions in discoid lupus erythematosus: A comparison of human, canine and mouse models using spatial transcriptomics

July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Discoid lupus erythematosus involves immune activation and fibrosis around hair follicles, with shared pathways across humans, dogs, and mice, suggesting potential treatments for both humans and animals.

Obtaining and Characterizing Stem Cells from Hair Follicles of Canine Fetuses

research Obtenção e caracterização das células-tronco do folículo piloso de fetos caninos

April 2016

This study found that fetal canine hair follicle-derived stem cells exhibited pluripotency markers, suggesting potential for therapeutic applications in hair and skin repair.

research Differentiation of nestin-negative human hair follicle outer root sheath cells into neurons in vitro

5 citations , January 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

This study found that nestin-negative hair follicle stem cells can differentiate into neural stem cell-like cells, but not mature neurons, through a multi-step neuro-induction process.

research Desmoplastic melanoma presenting as primary alopecia neoplastica: a report of two cases

8 citations , June 2016 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

This report describes two rare cases of desmoplastic melanoma presenting as alopecia neoplastica, highlighting a potential diagnostic pitfall for clinicians examining patients with scar-like alopecia.

research Experimental study on the compatibility and degradation of human hair keratin bridging for peripheral nerve defects

May 2005 in “Zhonghua chuangshang guke zazhi”

This study found that human hair keratin bridges effectively induced nerve regeneration and demonstrated good biocompatibility and controlled degradation when used in rats with peripheral nerve defects.

research Comparative analysis of stemness between dermal papilla cells and human dermalstem/progenitor cells

April 2025 in “Cellular and Molecular Biology”

This study found that human dermal stem/progenitor cells demonstrated greater proliferation and differentiation potential than hair follicle dermal papilla cells, which showed increased expression of hair regeneration markers.

research An immunohistochemical study of the apocrine type of cutaneous mixed tumors with special reference to their follicular and sebaceous differentiation

54 citations , May 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

This study reports various immunophenotypical patterns in apocrine mixed skin tumors, resembling the structures of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine glands.

research Giant pigmented tumour of the scalp—a diffuse neurofibroma or a congenital naevus showing neurofibromatous changes? Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies

12 citations , August 1988 in “Histopathology”

This case report describes a giant pigmented tumor of the scalp in a 47-year-old woman and suggests a possible dual origin involving neural crest differentiation.

research Diffuse neurofibroma of the scalp with alopecia areata as the initial presentation: a case report

January 2014 in “International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology”

This case report describes a 42-year-old male with alopecia areata and a scalp neurofibroma, emphasizing the tumor's histopathological features and the patient's decision against surgical treatment.

Molecular Profiling of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Reveals TH1 and JAK-STAT Up-Regulation with No Suppression of Hair Keratins

research 1322 Molecular profiling of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) reveals TH1 and JAK-STAT up-regulation with no suppression of hair keratins

2 citations , April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that frontal fibrosing alopecia is a highly inflammatory disease involving TH1 and JAK-STAT pathways, without reduced hair keratins, highlighting JAK-STAT signaling as a potential therapeutic target.

research PKC downregulation upon rapamycin treatment attenuates mitochondrial disease

26 citations , December 2020 in “Nature metabolism”

Martin-Perez et al. show that rapamycin's beneficial effects in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome are linked to the downregulation of protein kinase C.

research S100A6 Protein—Expression and Function in Norm and Pathology

21 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review discusses the role and interactions of the calcium-binding protein S100A6 in cellular processes and its association with various diseases, highlighting the need for further research to fully understand its biological impact.

research Ultrastructural Localization of S100A3, a Cysteine-rich, Calcium Binding Protein, in Human Scalp Hair Shafts Revealed by Rapid-freezing Immunocytochemistry

40 citations , April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

In this study, the researchers identified the specific subcellular localization of the protein S100A3 in the endocuticle and cortex of human hair shafts.

Human Dermal Fibroblasts Show Positive Immunostaining for Neuron and Glia Specific Proteins

research Human Dermal Fibroblasts Demonstrate Positive Immunostaining for Neuron- and Glia- Specific Proteins

15 citations , December 2015 in “PLoS ONE”

This study found that human adult dermal fibroblasts can express markers typically associated with neural cells, suggesting potential pitfalls in relying on immunophenotyping alone for cell identity verification.

research Localization of S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, and S100P in the human hair follicle.

9 citations , July 2014 in “PubMed”

This study found distinct localization patterns of S100 family proteins in hair follicles, suggesting their differential roles in normal hair follicle physiology.

research Gene Expression Profiles of Melanocytes Over-Expressing miR-5110 in Alpaca

January 2026 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology”

This study found that transfecting alpaca melanocytes with miR-5110 altered gene expression related to pigmentation, specifically identifying pathways like MAPK and Wnt as involved in melanogenesis regulation, providing insights into miR-5110's role in pigmentation processes.

research S100A6: molecular function and biomarker role

50 citations , September 2023 in “Biomarker Research”

This review focuses on S100A6, a Ca²⁺-binding protein, detailing its role in cell functions, the regulation of its expression, and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various diseases.

research Characterization of Mouse Profilaggrin: Evidence for Nuclear Engulfment and Translocation of the Profilaggrin B-Domain during Epidermal Differentiation

25 citations , October 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study characterized the mouse profilaggrin gene, finding it structurally identical to its human counterpart, and noted differences in protein-coding regions that could impact epidermal differentiation.