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Did you mean Programmed Cell Death Protein 1?

Glossary Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

regulates immune response by inhibiting T cell activity

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) is a protein found on the surface of immune cells, such as T cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system by preventing overactivation, which can lead to autoimmune diseases. PD-1 achieves this by binding to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are often expressed on cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the immune response against these cells. This mechanism is a target for cancer immunotherapy, where blocking PD-1 can enhance the body's ability to fight cancer.

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research ISID1373 - Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

April 2023

This study observed two distinct groups of alopecia areata lesions based on PD-1 expression in T cells from biopsied skin samples, suggesting potential differences in subtypes or stages of the disease that warrant further investigation.

Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Inversely Correlated With the Density of CD8+ T Cells Infiltrating Hair Follicles in Alopecia Areata

research 1373 Expression of programmed cell death 1 inversely correlated with the density of CD8+ T cells infiltrating hair follicles in alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that in biopsied skin samples of alopecia areata, a lower anagen/telogen ratio was associated with increased T cell infiltration, and enhancing the PD-1/PD-L1 axis may inhibit CD8+T cell infiltration and improve the condition.

research Anti-programmed cell death protein 1-induced lichenoid changes of the nail unit: Histopathologic description

12 citations , March 2021 in “JAAD Case Reports”

This study reported that immunotherapy in cancer patients can lead to skin-related immune adverse events, such as rashes, pruritus, and vitiligo, affecting a substantial proportion of patients.

research Hair Follicle Mesenchyme-Associated PD-L1 Regulates T-Cell Activation Induced Apoptosis: A Potential Mechanism of Immune Privilege

53 citations , September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study suggests that cultured hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells exhibit immune privilege properties, partly through the expression of PD-L1, which impacts co-cultured immune cells' behavior.

research Persistently curly hair phenotype with the use of nivolumab for squamous cell lung cancer

19 citations , October 2016 in “Journal of oncology pharmacy practice”

In this study, the first case of a persistent curly hair phenotype was reported with nivolumab treatment in a patient with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer.

research Caffeine Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Auditory Hair Cells via the SGK1/HIF-1α Pathway

5 citations , November 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Caffeine can damage hearing cells and affect hearing recovery after ear trauma.

Differences in Cell Subsets Between Sun-Exposed and Unexposed Skin: Preliminary Single-Cell Sequencing and Biological Analysis from a Single Case

research Differences in cell subsets between sun-exposed and unexposed skin: preliminary single-cell sequencing and biological analysis from a single case

3 citations , October 2024 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

This study investigated single-cell changes in photoaged skin, revealing distinct cell clusters and increased activity in PD-L1 and PD-1 pathways in sun-exposed areas, enhancing understanding of UVA-induced skin damage and potential prevention targets for photoaging and UV-induced skin cancers.

research Cell death by cornification

375 citations , June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research”

This review examines the process of cornification as a mode of programmed cell death and outlines how keratinocytes activate anti-cell death mechanisms to maintain epidermal homeostasis, but reports no new results.

research Alopecia and hair repigmentation associated with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy

2 citations , November 2024 in “JAAD Case Reports”

Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy can cause hair loss and unexpected hair color change, but treatment can restore hair growth and color.

research Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions

15 citations , June 2015 in “F1000Research”

This study examined immune responses to Diphencyprone and found that its induced skin reactions have higher levels of negative immune regulators compared to psoriasis, suggesting differences in immune regulation may contribute to psoriasis chronicity.

research The effect of inflammatory cytokines on the risk of hypertrophic scar: A Mendelian Randomization Study

July 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

In this study, researchers identified that certain inflammatory cytokines, including osteoprotegerin and leukemia inhibitory factor, are inversely associated with hypertrophic scar risk, whereas others like CDCP1, GDNF, and PD-L1 show a positive association, suggesting potential pathways for intervention in scar formation.

research Diabetes Mellitus Inhibits Hair Follicle Regeneration by Inducing Macrophage Reprogramming-Mediated Pyroptosis

September 2024 in “Journal of Inflammation Research”

Results are not reported in this abstract, which outlines research investigating why diabetic mice experience suppressed hair follicle stem cell activation, potentially contributing to chronic diabetic wounds.

research Expression patterns of programmed cell death 4 protein in normal human skin and some representative skin lesions

37 citations , February 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that PDCD4 protein expression is reduced in various skin cancers compared to normal skin, suggesting its potential role in preventing or treating certain skin cancers.

Particulate Matter Exposure Induces Maternal Scalp Hair Loss After Birth in C57/B6 Mouse via Alteration of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways

research Particulate matter exposure induces maternal scalp hair loss after birth in C57/B6 mouse via alteration of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways

May 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

In a mouse model, this study found that exposure to PM2.5 leads to significant postpartum hair loss, apparent via morphological changes and elevated markers of inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, potentially exacerbated by changes in hormone receptors and stem cell populations.

research Cell Density-Dependent Upregulation of PDCD4 in Keratinocytes and Its Implications for Epidermal Homeostasis and Repair

10 citations , December 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study suggests that PDCD4 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and contact inhibition, playing a role in epidermal homeostasis and wound healing.

research Apoptosis and cutaneous biology

60 citations , June 1997 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This review discusses the basic biology of apoptosis and its relevance to skin diseases, without presenting new research findings.

research Effect of Extreme Consumption of Clove on the Morphology of Mice and Liver Tissue

May 2021 in “Indian journal of forensic medicine and toxicology”

This study found that excessive consumption of cloves in mice caused toxic changes in the liver, including structural damage and cell death, but concluded these effects are not considered dangerous.

research An investigation of apoptosis in androgenetic alopecia.

2 citations , January 2003 in “PubMed”

This study found that in individuals with androgenetic alopecia, the expression of apoptosis-related markers differed significantly between affected and unaffected scalp areas.

research Controlling Hair Loss by Regulating Apoptosis in Hair Follicles: A Comprehensive Overview

1 citations , December 2023 in “Biomolecules”

This review highlights the importance of apoptosis in the hair cycle, particularly its role in hair follicle regression and loss, suggesting that understanding its mechanisms can aid in developing treatments to reduce hair loss and promote hair growth.

research Nitric Oxide Is Associated with Long-Term Zinc Tolerance in Solanum nigrum

164 citations , September 2010 in “PLANT PHYSIOLOGY”

This study found that nitric oxide production in Solanum nigrum roots facilitates adaptation to excess zinc by promoting programmed cell death and altering root architecture.

research Trypsin-induced follicular papilla apoptosis results in delayed hair growth and pigmentation

29 citations , April 1997 in “Developmental Dynamics”

This study found that topical trypsin application after hair removal in mice led to cell death at the follicular papilla, which delayed hair growth and pigmentation.

research Epidermal Stem Cells in Hair Follicle Cycling and Skin Regeneration: A View From the Perspective of Inflammation

18 citations , November 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

This review discusses how inflammation influences hair follicle stem cell activities like wound healing and follicle cycling and suggests a potential link between inflammation, stem cell activation, and programmed cell death.

research Autophagy-Mediated Cellular Remodeling during Terminal Differentiation of Keratinocytes in the Epidermis and Skin Appendages

7 citations , October 2024 in “Cells”

The researchers reported that autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation mechanism, plays a significant role in the cellular remodeling of keratinocyte differentiation in the skin, affecting the properties of the differentiation products by altering cellular components during this process.

research Connarus semidecandrus Jack Exerts Anti-Alopecia Effects by Targeting 5α-Reductase Activity and an Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

2 citations , June 2022 in “Molecules”

This study demonstrated that an ethanol extract of Connarus semidecandrus Jack showed potential anti-androgenic alopecia effects in a testosterone-induced model, suggesting a possible treatment option for hair loss.

research Apoptosis in Hair and Skin: A Review

2 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of skin and stem cell”

This review discusses how targeting apoptosis pathways in hair and skin cells can inform the development of novel therapies, but it reports no clinical findings.

research Cornification

September 2018

This review discusses the cornification process of epidermal keratinocytes in forming the skin barrier and reports no new results; it emphasizes the importance for diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.