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Glossary Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

regulates immune response by inhibiting T cell activity

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) is a protein found on the surface of immune cells, such as T cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system by preventing overactivation, which can lead to autoimmune diseases. PD-1 achieves this by binding to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are often expressed on cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the immune response against these cells. This mechanism is a target for cancer immunotherapy, where blocking PD-1 can enhance the body's ability to fight cancer.

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research Anti-programmed cell death protein 1-induced lichenoid changes of the nail unit: Histopathologic description

12 citations , March 2021 in “JAAD Case Reports”

This study reported that immunotherapy in cancer patients can lead to skin-related immune adverse events, such as rashes, pruritus, and vitiligo, affecting a substantial proportion of patients.

research Persistently curly hair phenotype with the use of nivolumab for squamous cell lung cancer

19 citations , October 2016 in “Journal of oncology pharmacy practice”

In this study, the first case of a persistent curly hair phenotype was reported with nivolumab treatment in a patient with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer.

research Differences in cell subsets between sun-exposed and unexposed skin: preliminary single-cell sequencing and biological analysis from a single case

3 citations , October 2024 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

This study investigated single-cell changes in photoaged skin, revealing distinct cell clusters and increased activity in PD-L1 and PD-1 pathways in sun-exposed areas, enhancing understanding of UVA-induced skin damage and potential prevention targets for photoaging and UV-induced skin cancers.

research Expression patterns of programmed cell death 4 protein in normal human skin and some representative skin lesions

37 citations , February 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that PDCD4 protein expression is reduced in various skin cancers compared to normal skin, suggesting its potential role in preventing or treating certain skin cancers.

research Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions

15 citations , June 2015 in “F1000Research”

This study examined immune responses to Diphencyprone and found that its induced skin reactions have higher levels of negative immune regulators compared to psoriasis, suggesting differences in immune regulation may contribute to psoriasis chronicity.

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community The end of balding: We may have just found the secret to hair regrowth

in Technology 680 upvotes 1 year ago

MCL-1 is important for hair follicle stem cell survival, but its impact on human hair regrowth is unclear. Minoxidil and finasteride are the main treatments, with doubts about new discoveries leading to effective human solutions soon.

community Verteporfin and Microneedling

in Treatments 2 years ago

Clinical studies by Dr. Barghouthi and Dr. Bloxham indicate that Verteporfin, when used with FUE and FUT hair transplantation methods, shows promise in hair follicle regeneration and minimal scarring due to its ability to inhibit Yes-associated protein (YAP). Microneedling at depths of 3-3.5mm, combined with Verteporfin, could potentially reactivate dormant follicles, although the optimal dosage and application method are still under investigation. Concerns remain about the DHT sensitivity of regenerated follicles, highlighting the need for further research to optimize trauma levels and Verteporfin concentrations to achieve effective and scar-free hair regeneration.

community Comprehensive Microneedling Guide

292 upvotes 4 years ago

Microneedling for hair restoration involves daily use of a 0.3 mm device and weekly use of a 0.5 mm device. Combining microneedling with Minoxidil can enhance hair growth.

community Fats on your Head to Stop Hair Loss?

140 upvotes 2 years ago

The conversation discusses the potential of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, like oleic and linoleic acid, as an additional treatment for hair loss, which may inhibit the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to DHT and promote hair growth. Users humorously suggest using oils topically and discuss other hair loss treatments, but the main focus is on the science behind fatty acids and their role in hair health.

community The Real Cause Of Androgenetic Alopecia

675 upvotes 1 year ago

Androgenetic alopecia is caused by DHT affecting hair growth. Finasteride and minoxidil are used to manage hair loss by blocking DHT and promoting hair growth.

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