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This study found that the contribution of the hair follicle pathway to skin permeation of chemicals can be predicted using lipophilicity, with hydrophilic chemicals showing greater permeation reduction from hair follicle plugging than lipophilic ones.

This study details the histological structure of the white domesticated pig's ear skin and discusses its relevance as a model for human dermatological research.

This study concluded that the follicular route is a significant pathway for delivering gentamicin through the skin, as demonstrated by higher drug permeation in non-plugged pig's ear skin compared to plugged skin.

This study found that dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with a stearic acid-chitosan oligomer are stable, less cytotoxic, and suitable for topical delivery to promote hair growth.

This study developed lipid nanoparticles for delivering minoxidil and finasteride to the dermis and hair follicles, showing stability and a desired prolonged release, though with low skin penetration levels.

This study tested a microneedle patch on rabbit and pig models to support skin regeneration, revealing that the treatment accelerated wound closure, reduced scar formation, and promoted hair-bearing tissue and follicle growth, suggesting a trauma-guided framework for skin restoration.

In this ex vivo and mouse model study, Tofacitinib-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced delivery of the drug into hair follicles and reduced inflammatory effects compared to conventional forms, indicating potential for safer, topical use in treating alopecia areata.

This study found that encapsulating ascorbyl palmitate in curcumin-grafted nanoparticles increased its stability compared to unencapsulated forms, with primary skin penetration occurring through hair follicles in pig skin.

This study found that curcumin nanocrystals efficiently penetrated hair follicles down to the lower infundibulum in an ex-vivo pig ear model, regardless of the gel vehicle used, though passive dermal penetration varied with the vehicle’s skin hydrating properties.

This study developed and tested nanostructured lipid carriers for topical dutasteride delivery, finding them stable, low in cytotoxicity and non-irritating, with no drug permeation through pig ear skin over 48 hours.

This study demonstrated that in vitro pig ear models effectively predict human follicular uptake of nanoparticles for potential transfollicular vaccination, but massage did not enhance nanoparticle penetration.

This study highlights the significance of the hf pathway for the skin permeation of ionized and hydrophilic high molecular compounds, and the usefulness of hf-plugging in evaluating their skin permeability.

This study found that hair follicle-plugging reduced skin permeation of certain model drugs, with effects varying based on EtOH pretreatment and the drug being evaluated.

This study found that a transdermal delivery system using 3% azone and P407 gel may enhance the skin permeation of doxazosin and finasteride for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study suggests that novel lipid nanoparticle formulations may be suitable for delivering anti-alopecia compounds like minoxidil and finasteride, although their skin penetration was limited.

Liposomes with certain properties can effectively deliver drugs deep into hair follicles.

This study reported that combining microdialysis and selective follicular closure with varnish significantly reduces caffeine penetration through hair follicles in an ex vivo porcine ear skin model.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

In this study, full-thickness wounding on Lanyu pigs led to scar formation and disrupted cell markers, while partial-thickness wounding allowed limited regeneration of rete ridges and papillary dermis.

This study explored the use of SOD-loaded niosomes as carriers to enhance the delivery of superoxide dismutase into hair follicles on guinea pig skin, finding that niosomes improved SOD penetration and preservation compared to free SOD, suggesting their potential as effective delivery vehicles.

This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.

This database provides detailed physiological parameters of porcine skin to enhance the MPML MechDermA Model, improving dermal absorption predictions for human studies in the Simcyp Simulator.

In this study, intradermal injection of GCSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from young pigs rejuvenated skin in aged pigs by increasing collagen, elastin, and cell renewal rates.

Phospholipid-coated nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better than others, especially in pig ears.

This study found that valproic acid-loaded microemulsion formulations enhanced skin penetration pathways in guinea pigs compared to an aqueous solution, with composition elements like oil content and surfactant ratios significantly affecting drug delivery performance.

In this study, penetration of FA-PLGA nanoparticles into hair follicles was observed in excised dog, rat, and porcine skin, with the deepest penetration in porcine skin, suggesting its similarity to human skin for drug delivery studies.

This study found that adapalene-loaded microemulsions significantly enhanced the drug's penetration through guinea pig skin compared to an aqueous suspension, with factors like surfactant ratios and the water-oil phase balance affecting the transfollicular drug delivery efficiency.

This review compares animal and human skin characteristics in in vitro permeation studies but reports no new results, highlighting variations and the need for better model correlations.

This review discusses the immune functions of porcine skin and proposes a classification of dendritic cell subsets based on similarities to human skin, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study developed a stable, cosmetically appealing formulation for the topical delivery of the peptide FOL-005, enhancing skin permeation and maintaining stability by keeping the peptide solid and in a water-free environment with particle sizes under 10 µm.