Effect of Rubbing Application on the Skin Permeation of Active Ingredients from Lotion and Cream

    July 2021 in “ Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin ”
    Akinari Abe, Hiromichi Suzuki, Sayaka Amagai … Kenji Sugibayashi
    Studysummary This study found that rubbing significantly increased skin permeation of caffeine but not rhododendrol, with the direction of rubbing playing a crucial role in caffeine's enhancement.
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    Research cited in this study 5

    1. Effect of Rubbing on the Distribution of Topically Applied Drugs into the Hair Follicles Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · 2020
    2. Establishment of an Evaluation Method to Detect Drug Distribution in Hair Follicles International Journal of Pharmaceutics · 2018
    3. Contribution of the Hair Follicular Pathway to Total Skin Permeation of Topically Applied and Exposed Chemicals Pharmaceutics · 2016
    4. Follicular Transport Route: Research Progress and Future Perspectives European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics · 2009
    5. Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2004