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GlossaryKeratin-Associated Proteins

bind to keratin fibers, strengthening hair and nails

Keratin-Associated Proteins (KAPs) are a group of proteins that bind to keratin fibers, which are the structural components of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin. They play a crucial role in the formation and strength of these keratin structures by cross-linking with keratin, thereby enhancing the rigidity and resilience of hair and other keratinized tissues.

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research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations, December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations, June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins

71 citations, August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.

research Mammalian Keratin-Associated Proteins (KRTAPs) Subgenomes: Disentangling Hair Diversity and Adaptation to Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

65 citations, September 2014 in “BMC genomics”

Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

62 citations, January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research Human KAP Genes: Only Half of It? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

53 citations, June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

research Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino Acid Composition and Repeat Structure

51 citations, January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.

research Polymorphisms in the Human High Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 1, KAP1, Gene Family

48 citations, November 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits

42 citations, January 2017 in “Genes”

The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.

research Size Polymorphisms in the Human Ultrahigh Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 4, KAP4, Gene Family

27 citations, June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.

research HKAP1.6 And HKAP1.7, Two Novel Human High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Proteins Are Expressed In The Hair Follicle Cortex

24 citations, February 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Two new proteins, hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, are found in the hair follicle cortex.

research Characterization of Human Keratin-Associated Protein 1 Family Members

17 citations, June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Mutations in hKAP1 genes may cause hereditary hair disorders.

research Diversity of Trichocyte Keratins and Keratin-Associated Proteins

16 citations, January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology”

Hair and wool have diverse keratins and keratin-associated proteins.

research Molecular Modeling and Structural Characterization of a High Glycine–Tyrosine Hair Keratin Associated Protein

16 citations, January 2017 in “Physical chemistry chemical physics/PCCP. Physical chemistry chemical physics”

The 3D structure of a key hair protein was modeled, revealing specific helical structures and stabilization features.

research Characterization of the Promoter Regions of Two Sheep Keratin-Associated Protein Genes for Hair Cortex-Specific Expression

14 citations, April 2016 in “PloS one”

The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.

research Keratin-Associated Protein Nanoparticles as Hemostatic Agents

11 citations, November 2021 in “ACS applied nano materials”

Keratin-associated protein nanoparticles from human hair may help stop bleeding quickly and safely.

research Effects of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides on the Expression of Keratin and Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Mouse Skin

11 citations, January 2015 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

Eating collagen peptides may help with skin and hair growth.

research The Complexity of the Ovine and Caprine Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

10 citations, November 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Sheep and goat hair fibers are complex due to keratin-associated proteins, which are important for fiber properties and growth.

research Location of Keratin-Associated Proteins in Developing Fiber Cuticle Cells Using Immunoelectron Microscopy

10 citations, January 2010 in “International journal of trichology”

Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.

research Comparative Genomics of the Keratin-Associated Protein Gene Clusters in Human, Chimpanzee, and Baboon

8 citations, March 2004 in “Mammalian genome”

KAP genes are crucial for hair development and show both shared and unique traits in humans, chimpanzees, and baboons.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations, July 2019 in “Animals”

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

research Expression of Novel Keratin-Associated Protein 5 Genes in the Cuticle Layer of Human Hair Follicles

6 citations, April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science”

The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.

research The Mean Staple Length of Wool Fiber Is Associated with Variation in the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-2 Gene

4 citations, January 2020 in “Genes”

The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.

research Wool Fiber Curvature Is Correlated With Abundance of K38 and Specific Keratin-Associated Proteins

3 citations, December 2021 in “Proteins”

Wool fiber curliness is linked to the presence of certain proteins and K38.

research Ancient Lineages of the Keratin-Associated Protein (KRTAP) Genes and Their Co-Option in the Evolution of the Hair Follicle

2 citations, March 2023 in “BMC ecology and evolution”

Some hair protein genes evolved early and were adapted for use in hair follicles.

research Highly Conserved Keratin-Associated Protein 7-1 Gene in Yak, Taurine, and Zebu Cattle

2 citations, January 2017 in “Folia biologica”

The KRTAP7-1 gene is very similar across different cattle and yak breeds and likely plays a role in hair strength and shape.

research Identification of the Keratin-Associated Protein 22-2 Gene in Capra Hircus and Its Association with Cashmere Traits

1 citations, September 2023 in “Animals”

A new goat gene affects cashmere fiber thickness; certain variations can make the fibers coarser.

Exploring The Effects Of Wetting And Free Fatty Acid Deposition On An Atomistic Hair Fiber Surface Model Incorporating Keratin-Associated Protein 5-1

research Exploring The Effects Of Wetting And Free Fatty Acid Deposition On An Atomistic Hair Fiber Surface Model Incorporating Keratin-Associated Protein 5-1

1 citations, April 2023 in “Langmuir”

Damaged hair allows water to penetrate more easily, and fatty acids from shampoos can deposit on hair surfaces.

research Molecular Characterization of Keratin-Associated Protein-7 (KRTAP7) Gene for Hair Quality in Indian Dromedary Camel

January 2024 in “Journal of camel practice and research/Journal of Camel Practice and Research”

Certain genetic variations in camels affect hair coarseness.

Exploring the Effects of Wetting and Free Fatty Acid Deposition on a Hair Fiber Surface Model Incorporating Keratin Associated Protein 5-1

research Exploring the Effects of Wetting and Free Fatty Acid Deposition on a Hair Fiber Surface Model Incorporating Keratin Associated Protein 5-1

November 2022

Water and fatty acids affect hair's surface differently based on hair damage, and models can help understand hair-cosmetic interactions.