The Complexity of the Ovine and Caprine Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

November 2021 in “ International journal of molecular sciences ”

Huitong Zhou, Hua Gong, Jiqing Wang, Yuzhu Luo, Shaobin Li, Jinzhong Tao, Jonathan G. H. Hickford

keratin-associated protein KRTAP genetic polymorphisms SNPs indels chromosomal distribution transcriptional directions genetic diversity evolutionary divergence single nucleotide polymorphisms insertions and deletions

Studysummary This review discusses the role of keratin-associated proteins in the growth and characteristics of wool and hair fibres from sheep and goats, and highlights areas for future research, but it presents no new findings.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

The review article delves into the genetic complexity of keratin-associated protein (KRTAP) genes in sheep and goats, which are essential for wool and hair fiber properties. It highlights the identification of numerous unique KRTAPs in these animals, their genetic polymorphisms, and their impact on fiber traits like fineness and color. The study reveals significant sequence variations, including SNPs and indels, and notes the uneven chromosomal distribution and transcriptional directions of KRTAPs. The findings underscore the genetic diversity and evolutionary divergence of KRTAPs in sheep and goats compared to humans, suggesting future research to further understand these genes' structure, function, and implications for breeding and textile industries.

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research A Detailed Mapping of the Readily Accessible Disulfide Bonds in the Cortex of Wool Fibers

6 citations , February 2021 in “Proteins”

This study provides insight into the specific disulfide bond interactions between keratins and keratin associated proteins, suggesting non-random cysteine interactions crucial for stabilizing hair fiber structure.

research The Mean Staple Length of Wool Fiber Is Associated with Variation in the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-2 Gene

4 citations , January 2020 in “Genes”

This study found that genetic variation in the KRTAP21-2 gene among crossbred Merino lambs was associated with differences in wool traits, particularly mean staple length.

research Characterization of an Ovine Keratin Associated Protein Gene, Producing a Protein Rich in Glycine and Tyrosine, Lacking in Cysteine

24 citations , October 2019 in “Genes”

In this study, the identification of a novel KAP gene in sheep, named KRTAP36-1, was associated with increased prickle factor in wool, suggesting its potential as a genetic marker for breeding purposes.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations , July 2019 in “Animals”

This study identified a new ovine KRTAP21-1 gene variant in sheep, with wool yield affected by the variant, suggesting its potential as a genetic marker for improving wool production.

research Identification of Ovine KRTAP28-1 and Its Association with Wool Fiber Diameter

25 citations , April 2019 in “Animals”

In this study, KRTAP28-1 variants were associated with wool fibre diameter in sheep, suggesting potential as a gene marker for reducing fibre diameter.

research Variation in the Caprine Keratin-Associated Protein 15-1 (KAP15-1) Gene Affects Cashmere Fibre Diameter

30 citations , March 2019 in “Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht”

In this study, variation in the KRTAP15-1 gene in goats was linked to changes in cashmere fibre diameter, with specific variants showing dominant or recessive effects.

research Variation In The Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 15-1 Gene Affects Wool Yield

18 citations , September 2018 in “The Journal of Agricultural Science”

In this study, the presence of certain KAP15-1 gene variants in sheep was associated with differences in wool yield and fiber characteristics.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 26-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

29 citations , September 2017 in “Genes”

This study found that in Merino-Southdown cross sheep, the presence of the C variant of the KRTAP26-1 gene was associated with higher wool quality, including increased wool yield and staple length.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 22-1 (KAP22-1) Gene and Its Effect on Wool Traits

42 citations , January 2017 in “Genes”

This study observed that genetic variation in the ovine KRTAP22-1 gene is linked to increased wool yield and decreased fiber curvature in sheep, indicating its potential use in breeding programs.

research Wool Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Sheep: A Review

98 citations , May 2016 in “Genes”

This review explains the genetic diversity of sheep wool keratin-associated protein genes and explores how this variation might be leveraged for selective breeding to enhance wool fiber traits.

research The Sheep KAP8-2 Gene, A New KAP8 Family Member That Is Absent In Humans

25 citations , September 2014 in “SpringerPlus”

This study found that sheep possess a polymorphic KAP8-2 gene that shares high sequence identity with the KAP8-2 gene in goats and reindeer.

research Influence of Feed Restriction on the Wool Proteome: A Combined iTRAQ and Fiber Structural Study

35 citations , April 2014 in “Journal of proteomics”

In this study, experimentally induced weight loss in merino sheep led to a decrease in wool fiber diameter and increased expression of certain high sulfur and glycine-tyrosine proteins, potentially impacting wool quality and industry preferences.

research Molecular Characterization of Caprine KRTAP13-3 in Liaoning Cashmere Goat in China

9 citations , September 2013 in “Journal of Applied Animal Research”

This study identified eight alleles of the caprine KAP13-3 gene in cashmere goats, which could influence gene expression and cashmere fiber characteristics.

research Identification and Sequence Analysis of the Keratin-Associated Protein 24-1 (KAP24-1) Gene Homologue in Sheep

51 citations , September 2012 in “Gene”

In this study, researchers identified a putative ovine KAP24-1 gene in sheep, revealing four unique DNA sequences with some similarity to KRTAP24-1 sequences from other species.

research Characterization of the Human Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 2 (KRTAP2) Gene Family

52 citations , April 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that KRTAP2 proteins predominantly express in the hair shaft cortex of humans, interact with hair keratins, and play crucial roles in hair shaft keratinization.

research Association of the KAP 8.1 Gene Polymorphisms with Fiber Traits in Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats

12 citations , August 2011 in “Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences”

This study found that polymorphisms in the KAP8.1 gene were significantly associated with cashmere weight, length, and guard hair length in Chinese Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats, but not with fibre diameter.

research Identification of the Keratin-Associated Protein 13-3 (KAP13-3) Gene in Sheep

26 citations , January 2011 in “Open Journal of Genetics”

In this study, researchers identified five unique sequences of the ovine KAP13-3 gene, with potential implications for wool traits due to observed amino acid changes.

research Expression Patterns of Keratin Intermediate Filament and Keratin Associated Protein Genes in Wool Follicles

95 citations , March 2009 in “Differentiation”

Gene expression in wool follicles changes with growth cycles, offering insights into wool and human hair growth.

research Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Hair Keratin Associated Protein KAP26.1

50 citations , July 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

research Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fiber Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats

20 citations , May 2007 in “Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences”

This study found that polymorphisms in the KAP8.2 gene in Chinese Inner Mongolia cashmere goats are associated with variations in cashmere fibre diameter, suggesting its potential as a molecular marker for this trait.

research Characterization of Human KAP24.1, A Cuticular Hair Keratin-Associated Protein with Unusual Amino Acid Composition and Repeat Structure

51 citations , January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study identified a novel keratin-associated protein, KAP24.1, which is specifically expressed in the human scalp and located in the hair cuticle.

research Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins

226 citations , January 2006 in “International review of cytology”

Keratin-associated proteins are crucial for hair strength and structure.

research Human KAP Genes: Only Half of It? Extensive Size Polymorphisms in Hair Keratin-Associated Protein Genes

53 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This article reviews extensive genetic polymorphisms in the keratin-associated proteins of human hair, indicating complexity but reporting no new clinical results and calls for further research on their potential impact on hair structure.

research A Cluster of 21 Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Within Introns of Another Gene on Human Chromosome 21q22.3

34 citations , January 2004 in “Genomics”

In this study, researchers identified a cluster of hair-specific keratin-associated protein genes within the 21q22.3 region, revealing a novel transcription mechanism involving TSPEAR/C21orf29 that may bypass typical transcriptional termination sites.

research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study identified a domain on human chromosome 21q22.1 containing various high glycine-tyrosine and high sulfur keratin-associated protein genes, revealing their diverse expression in hair-forming cells.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study identified a cluster of genes on chromosome 17 related to hair keratin-associated proteins, including 37 genes forming seven multigene families, localized in the hair shaft's upper cortex.

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67 citations , December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

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