425 citations,
August 2002 in “BioEssays” The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.
99 citations,
May 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Small proline-rich proteins and trichohyalin help make epithelial tissues tougher and more flexible.
18 citations,
September 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” VDUP1 is found in skin and hair follicles, interacts with sciellin, and may help regulate skin cell differentiation.
January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.
108 citations,
October 2003 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin makes hair follicles stronger.
3 citations,
September 2005 in “Experimental dermatology” The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.
22 citations,
August 2020 in “Cells” TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.
January 2018 in “Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine” ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is crucial for skin development and stem cell function.
105 citations,
February 1996 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.
The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.
158 citations,
August 2011 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.
375 citations,
June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
70 citations,
January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.
7 citations,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
27 citations,
August 2014 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology” The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.
Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
36 citations,
August 2011 in “Journal of dermatological science” Human hair has a protective lipid layer that can be damaged by moisture and treatments, affecting hair growth and health.
33 citations,
September 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Human hair follicle dermal cells can effectively replace other cells in engineered skin.
3 citations,
February 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Adult esophageal cells can start to become like skin cells, with a key pathway influencing this change.
31 citations,
January 2021 in “Experimental Dermatology” Skin organoids are a promising new model for studying human skin development and testing treatments.
August 2024 in “Receptors” Vitamin D receptor is crucial for skin wound healing.
1 citations,
July 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Understanding skin structure and development helps diagnose and treat skin disorders.
15 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
15 citations,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
November 2023 in “Linköping University medical dissertations” Keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells can effectively heal difficult skin wounds.
25 citations,
October 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mouse profilaggrin helps in skin cell differentiation and may be involved in calcium signaling.
16 citations,
April 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The AVET system effectively delivers genes to human keratinocytes and may help treat skin diseases.
January 2023 in “Karger Kompass. Dermatologie” Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.
119 citations,
November 2016 in “American journal of human genetics” Mutations in three genes cause Uncombable Hair Syndrome, leading to frizzy hair that can't be combed flat.
December 2023 in “Journal of molecular structure” Hair treatments and dehydration affect hair's lipid and protein behavior, influencing its flexibility and appearance.