April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This symposium reviewed various topics in stem cell research related to skin biology, including mechanisms of skin regeneration, tumorigenesis, and pathways influencing melanoma stem cell behavior, but it reported no new clinical results.
48 citations
,
December 2022 in “Biomolecules” This review discusses recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration and describes potential improvements for clinical applications, but it reports no new experimental results.
46 citations
,
October 2023 in “Science Advances” In this study, researchers used 3D bioprinting to successfully create engineered skin tissues with hair follicle-like structures, potentially enhancing skin grafts and safety testing for chemical compounds by more closely mimicking natural skin complexity.
83 citations
,
January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.
November 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This study demonstrated a novel use of tape stripping on a human skin model to simulate the inflammation and barrier damage caused by dry razor shaving, highlighting potential shaving and skin-care formulations that may mitigate such damage.
4 citations
,
July 2023 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that incorporating human adipose subcutaneous tissue in 3D organotypic skin cultures mimicking hypertrophic scar conditions improved epidermal homeostasis, formed a basement membrane similar to native skin, and reduced myofibroblast presence, indicating an anti-fibrotic effect.
1 citations
,
January 2026 in “Science Advances” This study developed a 3D bioprinted skin model to mimic pemphigus vulgaris, providing a tool to study disease mechanisms and test targeted therapies by reproducing the architecture and pathogenic disruptions of native skin.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This paper reviews advancements in 3D human skin models using bioprinting, organoid, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, noting improvements in physiological realism through vascularization and multi-omics data, but also highlighting challenges such as cost and lack of standardization that hinder clinical adoption.
4 citations
,
June 2021 in “Dermatology” This study validated the HS 3D-SeboSkin model as a reliable tool for preclinical research, effectively preserving the structure and biomarker expression of lesional and perilesional HS skin ex vivo.
This review highlights the potential of 3D bioprinting in developing functional, patient-specific artificial skin, addressing limitations of traditional skin grafts and advancing regenerative medicine applications.
1 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that alkaline phosphatase-regulated expression of CCL5 contributes to the trichogenicity of human dermal papilla spheres.
This review discusses the roles and characteristics of skin stem cells, their niches, and signaling pathways in skin maintenance, aging, and cancer, highlighting their potential in therapeutic applications but presenting no new clinical findings.
71 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” This article reviews current strategies and advancements in regenerating skin appendages and sensory nerves in tissue-engineered skin, highlighting the challenge of restoring skin sensations like pain, temperature, and touch to improve patients’ quality of life.
208 citations
,
January 2013 in “Lab on a Chip” The researchers described a chip-based bioreactor platform for dynamic perfusion, which may enhance in vitro skin models by introducing mechanical shear stress and extending culture periods.
3 citations
,
April 2023 in “Cytotechnology” 32 citations
,
August 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In vitro skin models are improving but still need more innovation to fully replicate human skin.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study introduces a spherical skin model that effectively mimics key features of human skin, offering a scalable and rapid alternative for non-animal dermatological and cosmetic testing.
August 2023 in “Military Medical Research” This review highlights that skin organoids, advanced three-dimensional models mimicking human skin, are emerging as effective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin, overcoming limitations of two-dimensional systems and ethical concerns, and are being increasingly used in areas like developmental biology and disease modeling.
54 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses recent advances in scarless wound healing research, focusing on the roles of mechanobiology and immunology, and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight the potential of next-generation human skin equivalents in understanding these mechanisms.
184 citations
,
December 2018 in “Nature Communications” This study demonstrated that enhancing human skin constructs with hair follicles through engineered cell organization and vascularization improved hair growth in immunodeficient mice, suggesting potential advances for treating alopecia and chronic wounds.
169 citations
,
January 2018 in “Cell Reports” In this study, researchers successfully derived skin organoids from mouse pluripotent stem cells that spontaneously produce hair follicles, potentially aiding in hair growth research and in vitro drug testing.
39 citations
,
March 2022 in “Nature Protocols” This study describes a protocol for generating hair-bearing skin organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, achieving full complexity resembling fetal skin tissue by day 130 in vitro.
26 citations
,
October 2020 in “Biomedicines” This review discusses the applications and potential of Bioengineered Artificial Skin Substitutes in cosmetics and pharmacology research, with no new clinical findings reported.
18 citations
,
September 2023 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review examines the role of skin microbes in enhancing the skin barrier and their involvement in skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, while also discussing current and future therapeutic strategies targeting the skin microbiome.
13 citations
,
March 2024 in “Cell Transplantation” This review highlights the need for improved methods in cosmetic safety assessment, emphasizing the potential of engineered skin tissue for more effective detection and toxicological evaluation of cosmetic products, compared to traditional methods.
6 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” This research reports that Muse cells from human skin can be differentiated into melanocytes, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes, enabling the creation of 3D reconstituted skin, potentially advancing skin reconstruction therapies.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The researchers reported that iPSCs derived from Sendai virus reprogrammed blood cells can mature into functional keratinocytes for up to 60 days, potentially offering new approaches for DEB treatment.
10 citations
,
September 2022 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This review discusses recent advancements and ongoing challenges in engineering human skin with appendages using scaffold-free and scaffold-based bioengineering approaches, but it reports no new clinical results.
October 2023 in “Biomedical science and engineering” Innovative methods are reducing animal testing and improving biomedical research.
110 citations
,
August 2011 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This research highlights the use of 3D human skin model reconstructs as a promising method to study human skin biology, showing that these models replicate natural melanocyte and melanoma behaviors accurately.