A Hairy Situation: PADIs in Regeneration and Alopecia

December 2021 in “ Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ”

Kim Vikhe Patil, Kylie Hin-Man Mak, Maria Genander

Peptidylarginine Deiminases PADIs PADI4 citrullination hair follicle regeneration alopecia hair follicle stem cell activation self-renewal DNA methylases DNMT3A DNMT3B hair differentiation PADI3 mutations HDAC1 H3 citrullination H3 acetylation inflammation hair follicle loss PADI3

TLDR Enzymes called PADIs play a key role in hair growth and loss.

The document discusses the role of Peptidylarginine Deiminases (PADIs) in hair follicle regeneration and alopecia. PADIs are enzymes that catalyze citrullination, a process that alters protein function. The study highlights the involvement of PADIs, particularly PADI4, in hair follicle stem cell activation and self-renewal, and their association with DNA methylases DNMT3A and DNMT3B during hair follicle regeneration. PADI4's citrullination of DNMT3A potentially influences global DNA methylation patterns in activated hair follicle stem cells. PADI1, PADI3, and PADI4 are also involved in hair differentiation, with PADI3 mutations linked to certain hair disorders. PADI4 and HDAC1 work cooperatively in regulating promoter activity, with their downregulation leading to reduced H3 citrullination and increased H3 acetylation. PADI4 also contributes to inflammation, which can lead to hair follicle loss or alopecia. The study concludes that understanding the role of citrullination in the skin could further our understanding of alopecia.

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