Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isoforms Are Differentially Expressed in Anagen Hair Follicles and Other Human Skin Appendages

The study examined the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) isoforms in human anagen hair follicles and other skin appendages. It found that PAD1 and PAD3 were expressed in the inner root sheath of hair follicles, with PAD3 deiminating trichohyalin in the medulla and Henle layer, suggesting their role in hair follicle differentiation. PAD1 and PAD2 were also present in sweat glands and arrector pili muscles, but not in sebaceous glands, indicating potential roles in the physiology of these structures. The research highlighted the importance of PADs in the terminal differentiation of hair follicles and suggested their involvement in hair growth and structure.