Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Appendages

    Jaroslav Mokrý, Rishikaysh Pisal
    Studysummary This review explores how epidermal stem cells contribute to the development and maintenance of various skin structures, and highlights specific markers and proteins associated with these cells, but reports no new clinical results.
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    The document reviews the role of epidermal stem cells (SCs) in the development and maintenance of skin appendages such as hair, feathers, nails, and skin glands. It explains that these structures originate from epithelial SCs, which differentiate into various skin adnexa due to the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh signalling cascade and its slight variations. The review emphasizes that different skin structures are formed from distinct SC pools located in specific niches, which influence SC behavior and result in varied marker and gene expression patterns among SC subsets. It also discusses the coordinated activity of epidermal SCs with other skin cells during the hair cycle and skin regeneration after injury, and it identifies several markers, proteins, and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs.
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