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    Comprehensive Molecular and Cellular Studies Suggest Avian Scutate Scales Are Secondarily Derived from Feathers, and More Distant from Reptilian Scales

    November 2018 in “ Scientific Reports ”
    Ping Wu, Yung‐Chih Lai, Randall B. Widelitz, Cheng‐Ming Chuong
    Studysummary This study suggests that chicken and alligator scales evolved independently through convergent evolution rather than sharing a common origin with avian feathers.
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    Research cited in this study 10

    1. Getting to the Root of Scales, Feathers, and Hair: As Deep as Odontodes? Experimental Dermatology · 2017
    2. Immunolocalization of a Histidine-Rich Epidermal Differentiation Protein in the Chicken Supports the Hypothesis of an Evolutionary Developmental Link Between the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feather Barbs and Barbules PloS one · 2016
    3. Hair Follicle and Interfollicular Epidermal Stem Cells Make Varying Contributions to Wound Regeneration Cell Cycle · 2015
    4. The Role of the PI3K Pathway in Maintaining Pluripotency in Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells Cell Stem Cell · 2009
    5. Reptile Scale Paradigm: Evo-Devo, Pattern Formation and Regeneration The International Journal of Developmental Biology · 2009
    6. Analyses of Regenerative Wave Patterns in Adult Hair Follicle Populations Reveal Macro-Environmental Regulation of Stem Cell Activity ˜The œInternational journal of developmental biology · 2009
    7. Complex Hair Cycle Domain Patterns and Regenerative Hair Waves in Living Rodents Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2007
    8. Wnt-Dependent De Novo Hair Follicle Regeneration in Adult Mouse Skin After Wounding Nature · 2007
    9. Dermo-Epidermal Interactions in Reptilian Scales: Speculations on the Evolution of Scales, Feathers, and Hairs Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2004
    10. Keratin 15 Promoter Targets Putative Epithelial Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2003