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This study found that Mentha suaveolens aqueous extract activated Nrf-2 and increased detoxifying enzyme expression in keratinocytes, providing protection against oxidative stress without cytotoxicity.

This study found that the PSEN1-P242LfsX11 mutation in hidradenitis suppurativa influences cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages, potentially affecting inflammatory responses.

This study suggests that icariin promotes hair follicle growth in mice by enhancing IGF-1 expression in dermal papilla cells.

In this study, topical administration of secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells gel increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α gene expression in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like model in rats, with the 40 μL dose having the most significant effect.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata and their healthy family members had elevated levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines, suggesting a genetic link in cytokine dysregulation.

This review discusses the role of immune responses, especially Th1 cytokines, in alopecia areata pathogenesis and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses alopecia areata as a model for studying tissue-directed autoimmune diseases and reports no new clinical findings.

Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.

This study found that gene expression of CD70 and CD27 was higher in alopecia areata lesions and correlated with increased disease severity and activity.

This review discusses the potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a therapeutic option for alopecia areata due to its immune-regulating effects and reports no new clinical results.

Small molecule DMF improves psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, adult skin cells can be made to grow new hair, certain skin cells initiate hair growth, IL-17C controls gut health and can cause skin inflammation, and skin cells produce IL-17 that can lead to psoriasis.

This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.

In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.

This review discusses prolactin production and regulation in human skin and hair follicles, highlighting its potential broader implications but reports no new empirical results.

This study reports that AS101 induced hair growth in mice and suggests potential for treating chemotherapy-induced alopecia in humans, which was observed in case report studies with three adolescents.

This review discusses the effects of valproic acid on immune cell activation and gene expression, potentially influencing infection outcomes and suggesting its promise for autoimmune and hypersensitivity condition management.

This review discusses the role of tumor suppressors in controlling tumor-associated inflammation and suggests that targeting this inflammation may counteract the effects of tumor suppressor loss.

This study found that dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines is associated with alopecia areata, with specific cytokines linked to disease activity and treatment response.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

In this study, Treg depletion impaired skin wound healing in mice, potentially by altering the cytokine environment and expanding certain T-cell populations, disrupting the normal healing process.

This review highlights that frontal fibrosing alopecia’s increasing incidence may involve immune, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, yet its pathogenesis remains complex and not fully understood.

This review explores the current understanding of leptin's role in psoriasis and other skin diseases but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing that the exact mechanisms of its impact are still being investigated.

In this study, researchers found that the cell surface protein Lrig1 plays a crucial role in regulating the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, suggesting it as a potential target for treating autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by experiments in mouse models.

This study found that antroquinonol inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro, while also ameliorating H2O2-induced depigmentation and resisting reductions in hair follicle length, skin thickness, and tyrosinase expression in mice.

This review discusses the shared biological mechanisms between allergy and autoimmunity, emphasizing pruritus as a central symptom in psychophysiological dermatoses, and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata exhibited increased CRHR1 expression on circulating monocytes compared to controls, suggesting that stress-related factors like CRH and CRHR1 may contribute to the development and progression of the condition, particularly in chronic cases and those with larger lesions.

This study suggests that IL-17 may play a more significant role than IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of chronic alopecia areata, with increasing severity linked to Th17 lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration.

This study reported that in a case series of three adolescents with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, treatment with 15 mg/day of upadacitinib led to rapid improvement in skin symptoms and significant hair regrowth over 12 months, with no severe adverse events observed.

This study found that a key gene signature, including FGF11, highlights the immunologic nature of keloid lesions, distinguishing them from normal fibroblasts and scars.

In this study, the elimination of NG2+ hair follicle stem cells during the anagen phase was associated with an aggravated sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis, suggesting their immunosuppressive role.