Efficacy of Upadacitinib in Treating Alopecia Areata, Atopic Dermatitis, and Th1 Comorbidities in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Case Series and Literature Review

This study investigates the efficacy of upadacitinib, a selective JAK1 inhibitor, in treating alopecia areata (AA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatric patients through a case series involving three adolescents. Treated with 15 mg/day of upadacitinib for 12 months, all patients experienced significant hair regrowth and rapid remission of AD symptoms, with improved SALT scores. One patient achieved complete hair regrowth despite having ophiasis. No severe adverse events were reported, although mild transient CPK elevation occurred in two cases. The study suggests upadacitinib as a promising treatment for pediatric AA and AD, particularly for those unresponsive to conventional therapies, but emphasizes the need for larger controlled studies to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.