Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease causing non-scarring hair loss, has traditionally been treated with nonspecific immunosuppressive medications and topical immunomodulators. The identification of the Janus kinase (JAK) pathway's role in the disease has led to more targeted treatments. Clinical trials have shown positive outcomes for JAK inhibitors, resulting in the approval of baricitinib as the first on-label treatment for alopecia areata. This review summarizes the role, efficacy, and safety of various JAK inhibitors in treating the condition.