JAK Inhibitors: New Players in the Field of Immune-Mediated Diseases Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis

February 2019 in “ Rheumatology ”

G. Fragoulis, Iain B. McInnes, Stefan Siebert

JAK inhibitors Janus kinase JAK/STAT pathway alopecia areata atopic dermatitis cytokines JAKinibs

TLDR JAK inhibitors are effective in treating various immune-related diseases, not just rheumatoid arthritis.

The document reviews the role of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), spondyloarthritides (SpAs), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and skin disorders including alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis. It explains how JAKs initiate the JAK/STAT pathway, which is crucial for the function of cytokines and other effector molecules. The review highlights the development of over 20 JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) in the past decade, initially marketed for RA and PsA, but also tested in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials for other inflammatory conditions. The review summarizes clinical data on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in treating immune-mediated conditions other than RA.

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13 / 13 results

research An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis

130 citations , July 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tofacitinib may help treat severe hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Tofacitinib 2% Ointment, a Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Pilot Study of 10 Patients

48 citations , February 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

research A Case of Topical Ruxolitinib Treatment Failure in Alopecia Areata

30 citations , June 2017 in “Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery”

Topical ruxolitinib failed to regrow hair in a 66-year-old with alopecia areata.

research JAK Inhibitors in Dermatology: The Promise of a New Drug Class

355 citations , April 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

JAK inhibitors show promise for treating skin conditions like eczema, hair loss, and psoriasis.

research Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata and Variants in Adolescents

139 citations , January 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib helped regrow hair in most adolescents with alopecia areata, but more research is needed.

research Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata and Variants: A Study of 90 Patients

238 citations , January 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Tofacitinib is effective and safe for severe hair loss, but full regrowth is less likely after 10 years of hair loss.

research Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata

222 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.

research Oral Ruxolitinib Induces Hair Regrowth in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

196 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models Illuminate Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies

82 citations , July 2016 in “Autoimmunity reviews”

Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.

research Topical Ruxolitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Universalis

96 citations , April 2016 in “JAMA dermatology”

research Tofacitinib Citrate for the Treatment of Nail Dystrophy Associated with Alopecia Universalis

41 citations , April 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology”

Tofacitinib citrate improved nail dystrophy and pain in patients with alopecia universalis without causing side effects.

research Rapid Skin Repigmentation on Oral Ruxolitinib in a Patient with Coexistent Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata

157 citations , February 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

A man with vitiligo and alopecia saw quick skin and hair improvement with ruxolitinib, but skin color gains were lost after stopping treatment.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.

6 / 6 results

JAK Inhibitors: New Players in the Field of Immune-Mediated Diseases Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cited in this study

research An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis

research Tofacitinib 2% Ointment, a Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Pilot Study of 10 Patients

research A Case of Topical Ruxolitinib Treatment Failure in Alopecia Areata

research JAK Inhibitors in Dermatology: The Promise of a New Drug Class

research Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata and Variants in Adolescents

research Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata and Variants: A Study of 90 Patients

research Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata

research Oral Ruxolitinib Induces Hair Regrowth in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

research Alopecia Areata: Animal Models Illuminate Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies

research Topical Ruxolitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Universalis

research Tofacitinib Citrate for the Treatment of Nail Dystrophy Associated with Alopecia Universalis

research Rapid Skin Repigmentation on Oral Ruxolitinib in a Patient with Coexistent Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

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