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This study found that Th17 lymphocytes may play a more crucial role than cytotoxic T cells in the development of alopecia areata due to their infiltration around the hair bulb/bulge, which exacerbates hair loss as histopathological grade worsens.

In this study, researchers reported that the Pinkie mutation in mice, affecting RXRa activity, leads to skewed Th1 development and suggests RXRa's role in Th2 differentiation, impacting immune responses.

In this study, researchers found that cytokine dysregulation linked to genetic background is present in both patients and healthy but genetically related individuals in two autoimmune skin diseases, Pemphigus vulgaris and Alopecia areata, suggesting that protective immune mechanisms may prevent disease manifestation in predisposed individuals.

Dithranol reduces inflammation in alopecia areata by lowering certain immune responses.

This study demonstrates that T-cell responses in extensive alopecia areata scalp may be aberrantly regulated, with reduced cytokine production but activated phenotype, providing insight into the disease's immune mechanisms.

This study found that oral administration of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide reduced tumor volume and improved survival in mice by modulating macrophage polarization and enhancing antitumor immune responses.

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This study suggests that frontal fibrosing alopecia is a highly inflammatory disease involving TH1 and JAK-STAT pathways, without reduced hair keratins, highlighting JAK-STAT signaling as a potential therapeutic target.

This study found that osteopontin expression was significantly higher in alopecia areata lesions compared to healthy controls, suggesting it may play a role in the disease's pathogenesis.

In this case study, the progression of alopecia universalis in a Japanese man was linked to the involvement of Th1 and Th17 cells, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.

This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.

This study found significant differences in gene expression between newborn and adult skin, with infant skin notably increasing processes related to ECM organization, cell adhesion, and collagen fibril organization.

This study found distinct gene expression patterns in the blood of alopecia areata patients, suggesting involvement of immune processes and new pathways like Wnt signaling and apoptosis in disease pathogenesis.

This article examines anticytokine therapies for autoimmune diseases, highlighting the potential of anti-interferon-γ as a universal treatment for certain conditions and noting varying effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.

This study found that the retinoid receptor and PPAR pathway are involved in hair follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia, alongside androgen receptors.

In this study, researchers found that CD4 T cells from the skin draining lymph nodes of mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, highlighting the key role of these cells and their interaction with CD8 T cells in the disease's development.

This study suggests that administering SH-MSCs gel might decrease IL-6 expression and increase TGF-β expression in alopecia-like rats, indicating potential for alopecia therapy.

In this study, type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in both hair follicles and skin tissues affected by chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study found that type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 pathways were significantly up-regulated in hair follicle and skin samples with chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study found that high TSPEAR expression in colorectal cancer was associated with poor prognosis and correlated with various tumor and immune-related factors.

This study found that elevated TSPEAR expression in colorectal cancer was associated with poor overall prognosis and correlated with tumor infiltrating immune cells, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker.

This review explores the expression of Perforin by gamma delta T cells in human skin and its role in cytotoxicity but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses how neuroendocrine pathways influence keratin regulation in human skin and hair follicles and suggests these pathways as potential targets for new treatments of skin disorders, but reports no clinical results.

This study observed a significant increase in cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in lesional skin of patients with alopecia areata compared to healthy controls, suggesting its potential role in the disease's pathogenesis.

In this study, estradiol was found to increase VEGF expression in cultured dermal papilla cells at physiological levels similar to pregnancy, suggesting that declining estrogen might contribute to female pattern hair loss in older Japanese women.

This study identified overexpression of certain immune-related genes and underexpression of genes in specific signaling pathways in premature androgenetic alopecia, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.

This study reported that narrowband UVB treatment significantly increased WNT7B, WNT10B, and TCF7L2 gene expression in lesional skin of psoriasis patients, suggesting these genes may play a role in psoriasis pathogenesis.

In this study, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher levels of miR-203 in their skin compared to healthy controls.

This study identified a four-gene loop as a non-invasive biomarker that selectively activates in alopecia areata, providing a precise target for JAK inhibitor treatments.

In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.