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This study found that specific human hair keratins are differentially expressed in the hair follicle, suggesting a shared pathway of epithelial differentiation between hair cortex and nail plate cells.

This study indicates that nail-matrical fibroblasts can induce hard keratin expression in non-nail-matrical keratinocytes, suggesting potential for using non-nail-matrical epidermal grafts to treat nail injuries.

This study found that keratin expression patterns vary within nail unit structures, with the nail matrix uniquely expressing the acidic hair-type keratin Ha1.

This study found that keratin films made from human hair can potentially substitute for human nail plates in drug permeability studies, but they show higher sensitivity to penetration enhancers compared to bovine hooves.

This study found that while most mice lacking MK6a and MK6b genes died from tongue epithelium disintegration, about 25% survived and showed no hair or nail defects due to a newly discovered MK6hf gene.

In this study, researchers identified two distinct homozygous mutations in the KRT85 gene among consanguineous Pakistani families with pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia, highlighting variations in severity and potential impacts on the K85 protein function.

This study found that a newly identified gene, mK17n, may explain the lack of nail issues in mK17 null mice by compensating for mK17's function in the nail bed.

This study found that partial protein extraction from keratinized tissues, such as hair and nails, reveals protein patterns distinct from whole protein extracts, including the presence of ubiquitin.

Human nails contain both skin and hair keratins, each needing different extraction methods.

In this study, researchers identified the ventral matrix as the primary source of nail plate formation, while the dorsal portion is generated by the apical matrix.

Keratin 17 is important for hair and nail structure and affects pachyonychia congenita symptoms.

This study identified a homozygous missense mutation in the KRTHB5 gene linked to pure hair–nail ectodermal dysplasias in a large consanguineous Pakistani family, providing new insights into the condition's molecular pathogenesis.

This study revealed that BMP5 in onychofibroblasts may play a key role in the differentiation of nail matrix keratinocytes, highlighting transcriptional similarities between nail and hair structures.

This study suggests that onychopapilloma may originate from the nail bed rather than the nail matrix, with nail bed-related keratins and HK31 potentially serving as diagnostic markers.

More research is needed to understand how hair keratins work and their role in hair disorders.

This study suggests a regulatory model where HOXC13 activates Foxn1, affecting hair and nail differentiation, supported by similarities in Hoxc13(tm1Mrc) and Foxn1(nu) mice phenotypes and gene expression patterns.

This review discusses recent advances in the genetic understanding of inherited hair and nail disorders and reports no new clinical results.

This study successfully developed and characterized a monospecific monoclonal antibody, LHTric-1, that specifically localizes to the pre-cortical region of the hair follicle and can aid research on hair and nail formation.

This study shows that keratin 2e exhibits distinct temporal and regional expression patterns in fetal epidermis, suggesting different regulatory and functional roles from other epidermal keratins.

This study suggests that human hard keratin proteins may be biocompatible materials, unlikely to cause rejection or allergic reactions based on their antigenicity in BALB/c mice.

In this study, researchers found that supplementation with L-cystine, either alone or with a keratin hydrolysate, significantly improved hair density, hair and nail brightness, and nail growth in women experiencing acute telogen effluvium and brittle nail syndrome over three months.

This chapter reviews disorders caused by mutations in epithelial keratins, highlighting a range of skin-related manifestations and the evolving role of molecular genetics in diagnosis, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that the mouse nail unit structurally resembles the human nail unit, indicating it could be useful for researching nail diseases and biology.

This study found strong evidence linking a keratin gene anomaly to pachyonychia congenita, supporting its role in affecting skin, nails, hair, and mucosa.

This study describes how shotgun proteomics can identify over 300 proteins in hair shafts, potentially allowing for the diagnosis of diseases through noninvasive human proteome sampling.

This review discusses the history, structure, and biological significance of keratins, including the crystal structure of a keratin helical segment, without reporting new experimental results.

This letter to the editor discusses a case of delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita linked to a new mutation in keratin 6b but presents no new research findings.

This study demonstrated that a daily oral supplement of 1000 mg Kera-Diet® improved hair and nail conditions in women experiencing acute telogen effluvium and brittle nail syndrome over three months.